TABLE 4.
Identities and relative abundances of bacteria predominating in biofilms on glass and CPVC after different periods of exposure to warm drinking water types A (at a location in the distribution system; AD), B (treated water; BT2), and C (at a location in the distribution system; CD)
| Bacterial phylum and class as well as order, family, genus, and species (%)a | No. of OTUsb | No. (%) of clones |
Total no. (%) of clones | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD |
BT2 |
CD |
||||||
| Day 118 |
Day 41 | Day 138 | Day 60 |
|||||
| Glass | CPVC | Glass | Glass | Glass | CPVC | |||
| Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria | ||||||||
| Rhizobiales, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Hyphomicrobium aestuarii | 1 | 2 (4.7) | 2 (0.7) | |||||
| Rhizobiales, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Pedomicrobium (97) | 1 | 4 (9.5) | 4 (1.5) | |||||
| Rhizobiales, Pseudorhodoplanes, Pseudorhodoplanes sinuspersici | 2 | 5 (10.9) | 6 (13.9) | 11 (4.1) | ||||
| Rhizobiales, Xanthobacteraceae, uncultured bacterium (97) | 2 | 4 (9.3) | 3 (6.7) | 3 (7.0) | 4 (8.9) | 1 (2.2) | 15 (5.6) | |
| Rhodospirillales, Rhodospirillales IS,c Reyranella massiliensis | 1 | 4 (9.3) | 3 (6.7) | 1 (2.2) | 8 (3.0) | |||
| Rhodospirillales, KCM-B-60, uncultured bacterium (87) | 1 | 4 (9.5) | 4 (1.5) | |||||
| Sphingomonadales, Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingopyxis indica | 1 | 1 (2.3) | 14 (31.1) | 15 (5.6) | ||||
| Alphaproteobacteria (singletons)e | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.3) | 6 (2.2) | ||
| Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria | ||||||||
| Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae, Curvibacter fontanusd | 1 | 4 (8.9) | 12 (26) | 16 (6.0) | ||||
| Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae, Ideonella (98) | 1 | 1 (2.2) | 3 (6.5) | 4 (1.5) | ||||
| Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae, Piscinibacter aquaticusd | 2 | 16 (37.2) | 4 (8.9) | 19 (41.3) | 4 (9.3) | 2 (4.4) | 45 (16.7) | |
| Burkholderiales, Ralstonia, Ralstonia (98) | 1 | 2 (4.7) | 2 (0.7) | |||||
| Nitrosomonadales, Nitrosomonadaceae, uncultured bacterium (≥97) | 3 | 5 (11.9) | 4 (8.9) | 4 (8.7) | 13 (4.9) | |||
| Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, Methyloversatilus discipulorumd | 2 | 10 (21.7) | 4 (8.9) | 14 (30) | 28 (10.4) | |||
| Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, uncultured bacterium (92) | 1 | 3 (6.5) | 4 (9.5) | 16 (35.5) | 2 (4.3) | 25 (9.3) | ||
| TRA3-20, uncultured bacterium (100) | 1 | 4 (8.7) | 1 (2.3) | 5 (1.9) | ||||
| Betaproteobacteria (singletons)e | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (7.0) | 2 (2.2) | 7 (2.6) | |||
| Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria | ||||||||
| Pseudomonadales, Moraxellaceae, Perlucidibaca (97) | 1 | 8 (17.8) | 8 (3.0) | |||||
| Gammaproteobacteria (singletons)e | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.4) | 2 (0.7) | |||||
| Proteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria GR-WP33-30, uncultured (94) | 1 | 2 (4.4) | 2 (0.7) | |||||
| Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria, subdivision 4, uncultured bacterium (100) | 1 | 11 (25.6) | 7 (15.6) | 5 (11.1) | 8 (17.4) | 31 (11.6) | ||
| Acidobacteria (singleton)e | 1 (2.2) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| Bacteroidetes (singleton)e | 1 (2.2) | 1 (0.4) | ||||||
| Gemmatimonadetes, Gemmatimonadeles, Gemmatimonadaceae, uncultured bacterium (≥90) | 3 | 2 (4.5) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (2.2) | 10 (3.7) | ||
| Planctomycetes, Phycisphaerae, uncultured bacterium (89) | 1 | 3 (7.0) | 3 (1.1) | |||||
| Total no. of classified bacterial sequences | 43 (100) | 46 (100) | 45 (100) | 43 (100) | 45 (100) | 46 (100) | 268 (100) | |
a
Identity percentages at the family or genus level are based on SINA Alignment; identities at the species level are based on ≥97% sequence similarity with the type strain (Table S5).
b
OTU, operational taxonomic unit (sequences with ≥99% similarity).
c
IS, incertae sedis.
d
Also a predominating cultured bacterium (Table S4).
e
See Table S3 in the supplemental material.