Table 1.

Participant demographics.

Characteristic		Primary care	Emergency department	Total
Age (years),a mean (SD)		52.2 (7.6)	46.3 (8.0)	49.0 (8.3)
Gender,a n (%)		n=56	n=65	n=121
	Female	37 (66)	30 (46)	67 (55.4)
	Male	19 (34)	35 (54)	54 (44.6)
Highest level of education, n (%)		n=55b	n=65	n=120
	Some high school	7 (13)	15 (23)	22 (18.3)
	High school diploma or GED	16 (29)	21 (32)	37 (30.8)
	Some college	16 (29)	22 (34)	38 (31.7)
	Associates degree	7 (13)	5 (8)	12 (10.0)
	Bachelor’s degree or higher	9 (16)	2 (3)	11 (9.2)
Marital status, n (%)		n=56c	n=65	n=121c
	Single, never married	27 (48)	42 (65)	69 (57.0)
	Married	7 (13)	9 (14)	16 (13.2)
	Separated/Divorced	16 (29)	12 (18)	28 (23.1)
	Widowed	6 (11)	2 (3)	8 (6.6)
Annual household income (US $), n (%)		n=55c	n=65	n=120
	<10,000	25 (45)	34 (52)	59 (49.2)
	10,000-19,999	15 (27)	7 (11)	22 (18.3)
	≥20,000	15 (27)	24 (37)	39 (32.5)
Employment status,a n (%)		n=56	n=65	n=121c
	Work part time	5 (9)	12 (18)	17 (14.0)
	Work full time	12 (21)	23 (35)	35 (28.9)
	Retired	4 (7)	1 (2)	5 (4.1)
	On disability	21 (38)	2 (3)	23 (19.0)
	Laid off/unemployed	14 (25)	27 (42)	41 (33.9)
Cell phone plan is prepaid (phone cards), n (%)		n=55	n=65	n=120c
	Yes	6 (11)	5 (8)	11 (9.2)
	No	47 (85)	60 (92)	107 (89.2)
	Don’t know	2 (4)	0 (0)	2 (1.7)
Length of current cell phone plan ownership, n (%)		n=53	n=64	n=117
	≤6 months	9 (17)	8 (13)	17 (14.5)
	7-12 months	9 (17)	4 (6)	13 (11.1)
	>1 year	35 (66)	52 (81)	87 (74.4)
Frequency of text message use, n (%)		n=55c	n=65	n=120
	Never	2 (4)	1 (2)	3 (2.5)
	A few times per month	7 (13)	12 (18)	19 (15.8)
	A few times per week	11 (20)	9 (14)	20 (16.7)
	Daily	35 (64)	43 (66)	78 (65.0)

^a Significant difference between primary care and ED (P<.05).

^b Significant difference between arms.

^c Sum total does not equal 100% due to rounding error.