Table 3. Association of serum cotinine levels with rhinitis in 1,315 study participants, stratified by age^*.

	No. (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	P	Adjusted OR (95% CI)†	P†
Children aged ≥10 years (N = 682)
Rhinitis ever	297 (44.0)	3.37 (1.09–10.42)	0.04	3.34 (1.05–10.61)	0.04
Current rhinitis	278 (41.4)		0.02	4.23 (1.28–13.97)	0.02
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis	245 (36.7)	2.74 (0.90–8.36)	0.08	2.62 (0.83–8.22)	0.10
Children aged <10 years (N = 633)
Rhinitis ever	274 (43.4)	1.25 (0.23–6.80)	0.79	2.35 (0.41–13.36)	0.33
Current rhinitis	250 (40.1)	0.55 (0.09–3.41)	0.53	0.88 (0.14–5.59)	0.89
Physician-diagnosed rhinitis	239 (38.6)	0.97 (0.16–5.88)	0.97	1.74 (0.27–11.07)	0.56

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^*Serum cotinine levels were log₁₀-transformed and treated as a continuous variable. P-values less than 0.05 are in bold.

^†Adjusted covariates include gender and body mass index.