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. 2017 Apr 5;372(1717):20160074. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0074

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© 2017 The Author(s)

Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

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Figure 5. — Transduction cascade of vertebrate photoreceptor. Steps contributing to rate of activation are indicated by green arrows; steps contributing to rate of inactivation by red arrows. Arr, arrestin; cGMP, 3′, 5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GCAP, guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins; GMP, guanosine monophosphate; GRK, G-protein receptor kinase (rhodopsin kinase); GTP, guanosine triphosphate; hν, light; PDE, phosphodiesterase 6; P_i, inorganic phosphate; Rh, rhodopsin; Rh*, light-activated rhodopsin.