Table 1. Adhesion molecules involved in MM drug resistance.
| PROTEINS | LIGAND | FUNCTION | REFs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integrin β1 | Laminin, Collagen type-VI, Fibronectin | Cell protection from cell cycle-dependent drug therapies | 44, 45 |
| Integrin β7 | Fibronectin, E-cadherin | Cell adhesion, migration, and homing | 44, 46 |
| Integrin αvβ3 | Vitronectin, Fibronectin | Cell proliferation, protease secretion, invasion and spreading | 44, 47 |
| 1VLA-4 (α4β1) | Fibronectin, 2VCAM-1 | Cell adhesion, migration, homing and invasion, angiogenesis, cytokines secretion | 48, 49, 50, 51 |
| 1VLA-5 (α5β1) | Fibronectin | Cell homing and migration. Its down-expression correlates with MM progression | 44, 49 |
| 2VCAM- 1 | 1VLA-4 | Cells migration, homing and invasion | 52 |
| 3LFA-1 | 5ICAM-1 | Cell adhesion, proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, tumor dissemination | 48, 50, 53 |
| 4MUC-1 | 5ICAM-1 | Cells adhesion, growth and survival, disease progression | 54 |
| CD44 isoforms | Hyaluronan | Cell adhesion and invasion | 44, 50 |
| CD138 (syndecan-1) | Fibronectin | Cell adhesion | 44 |
1
VLA = Very Late Activation Antigen
2
VCAM = Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule
3
LFA = Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen
4
MUC = Mucin-1 antigen
5
ICAM = Intercellular Adhesion Molecule.