Table 2.

The spectrum of neuroendocrine (NE) proliferations and tumors

NE cell hyperplasia and tumorlets

NE cell hyperplasia with fibrosis and/or inflammation

NE cell hyperplasia adjacent to carcinoids

Diffuse idiopathic NE cell hyperplasia with or without airway fibrosis

Tumorlets

Tumors with NE morphology

Typical carcinoid

Atypical carcinoid

Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma

NSCLC with NE differentiation

Other tumors with NE properties

Pulmonary blastoma

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Desmoplastic round cell rhabdoid phenotype

Paraganglioma

Travis WD, Colby TV, Corrin B, Shimosato Y, Brambilla E. WHO histological classification of tumours. Histological typing of lung and pleural tumours. 3rd edition Springer-Verlag: Berlin.⁶