Table 1.
Commercially Available Matrices and Devices for Diabetic Ulcer Treatment
| Category | Interface material | Example | Action mechanism | Advantage(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECM | Decellularized matrix | OASIS® (Smith & Nephew) | Cell recruitment | Natural porous structure |
| MatriStem® (ACell) | Tissue regrowth | |||
| AmnioFix® (MiMedx) | ||||
| Platelet-rich plasma | Aurix™ (Nuo Therapeutics) | Cell recruitment | Autologous source | |
| Tissue regrowth | ||||
| Collagen | Aongen™ (Aeon Astron) | Hemostasis | Main component of native ECM; self-assemble into fibrillar structure | |
| ColActive® (Covalon) | Cell recruitment | |||
| Integra™ Bilayer (Integra) | Exudate removal | |||
| Integra™ Flowable (Integra) | ||||
| Puracol® (Medline) | ||||
| PuraPly™ (Organogenesis) | ||||
| Ultrafoam™ (Davol) | ||||
| Gelatin | Gelfoam™ (Pfizer) | Hemostasis | Resorbable | |
| Hyaluronic acid | Hyalomatrix® (Fidia Anika) | Maintain moisture | Rapid absorption | |
| Jaloskin (Fidia) | ||||
| Naturally derived biomaterials | Chitosan | Aquanova™ (Medtrade) | Hemostasis | Positive charge for electrostatic interaction |
| Chitoderm® (Trusetal) | ||||
| HemCon® (HemCon) | ||||
| NOCC™ Hydrophilic (Kytogenics) | ||||
| Alginate | Maxorb® II (Medline) | Exudate removal Hemostasis | Swelling induced by Ca2+-Na+ exchange | |
| AlgiDERM® (Bard) | ||||
| AlgiSite M (Smith & Nephew) | ||||
| Kendall™ (Medtronic) | ||||
| Kaltostat® (ConvaTec) | ||||
| Suprasorb® (Specialty Fibers) | ||||
| Cellulose | Dermafill™ (Cellulose Solutions) | Moisturize Mechanical Support |
Mechanical stability | |
| DURAFIBER⋄ (Smith & Nephew) | ||||
| Carboxymethyl cellulose | REGRANEX® (Smith & Nephew) | PDGF-BB | Robust controlled release | |
| Synthetic matrix | PU | V.A.C.® GranuFoam™ (KCI) | Negative pressure | Porous structure to induce microstrain |
| RENASYS™ Foam (Smith & Nephew) | ||||
| PVA | V.A.C.® WhiteFoam™ (KCI) | Negative pressure | ||
| Silicone | PICO® (Smith & Nephew) | Negative pressure | Semipermeability | |
| PEG | Tegaderm™ Matrix (3M) | MMP inhibition | High hydrophilicity | |
| Polyacrylate | AcryDerm® (AcryMed) | Oxygen delivery | High absorbency | |
| PLA | Suprathel® (Polymedics) | Moisturize | Nontoxic biodegradation | |
| PGA | GORE® BIO-A® (GORE) | Cell ingrowth | Nontoxic biodegradation | |
| White petrolatum | SANTYL® (Smith & Nephew) | Enzymatic debridement | Occlusive moisturizer |
ECM, extracellular matrix; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLA, polylactic acid; PU, polyurethane; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol.