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. 2017 Feb 12;12:58–69. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.007

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Protective effects of MF against CSE induced BBB endothelial cell dysfunction. Panel A: MTT cytotoxicty assay for MF dose evaluation. Panel B and C: MF activates Nrf2 pathway as demonstrated by its increased nuclear translocation (B1). This resulted in an increased expression of the TJ proteins ZO-1 and Occludin as well as the pAMPK/AMPK ratio (B2) in comparison to cells treated with CSE. Concurrently, the expression level of the inflammatory marker PECAM-1 was downregulated (C). Panel D: MF prevents the decrease in TEER or increase in dextran permeability due to CSE exposure. Panel E: MF also restores the thrombomodulin release from endothelial cells which decreased upon CSE exposure. n=3 to 4 biol. rep. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, p<0.0001 vs control; $$$p<0.001, $$$$p<0.0001 MF vs CSE; #p<0.05, ## p<0.01, ### p<0.001 CSE vs CSE+MF. WB analyses report protein/beta actin ratios.