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. 2017 Feb 15;17:53. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0898-y

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Schematic representation of the analysis conducted to quantify the frequency of strong shifts in the p-values (i.e. directional biases) derived from the use of polytomic chronograms (P2) and pseudo-chronograms (P3) instead of the “true” chronograms (P1)