Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and laboratorial variables of 605 maintenance hemodialysis patients from four outpatient dialysis units in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, stratified by HTLV-1 serology
| Independent variables | HTLV (+) N = 15 |
HTLV (−) N = 590 |
POR (95% CI) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, years | 52.5 (46.9–71.0) | 47.8 (37.7–59.0) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 0.080 |
| Female (vs. male) | 8/15 (53.3) | 224/590 (38.0) | 1.87 (0.67–5.22) | 0.234 |
| Non-white (vs. white) | 13/15 (86.7) | 513/590 (86.9) | 1.03 (0.23–4.63) | 0.974 |
| Poor or very poor (vs. classes A thru C) | 10/15 (66.7) | 265/580 (45.7) | 2.38 (0.80–7.04) | 0.118 |
| Less than high school (vs. high school or greater) | 12/15 (80.0) | 359/589 (61.0) | 2.56 (0.72–9.18) | 0.148 |
| Unmarried (vs. married) | 11/15 (73.3) | 261/588 (44.4) | 3.45 (1.09–10.95) | 0.036 |
| Clinical | ||||
| Dialysis by catheter (vs. AV fistula) | 4/15 (26.7) | 76/588 (12.9) | 1.12 (0.31–4.02) | 0.867 |
| Time on MHD, months | 20.4 (4.5–58.4) | 47.8 (19.6–97.4) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.064 |
| EPO, IU (x103)/week | 12 (6–12) | 10 (6–12) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.870 |
| Diabetes mellitus (vs. no) | 5/15 (33.3) | 100/590 (16.9) | 2.45 (0.82–7.32) | 0.109 |
| Systemic hypertension (vs. no) | 13/15 (86.7) | 533/590 (90.3) | 0.70 (0.15–3.16) | 0.638 |
| Blood transfusion (vs. no) | 4/15 (26.7) | 55/582 (9.2) | 3.48 (1.07–11.31) | 0.038 |
| Hepatitis B (vs. no) | 1/15 (6.7) | 11/589 (1.9) | 3.75 (0.45–31.10) | 0.220 |
| Hepatitis C (vs. no) | 1/15 (6.7) | 18/590 (3.1) | 2.27 (0.28–18.21) | 0.440 |
| Hepatitis B or C (vs. no) | 2/15 (13.3) | 28/589 (4.8) | 3.08 (0.66–14.33) | 0.151 |
Continuous data (Age, Time on MHD and EPO dose) are expressed as median (P25–P75%); categorical data are expressed as n/total (%); POR Prevalence Odds Ratio, EPO Erythropoietin, MHD maintenance hemodialysis. For continuous data, POR reflects the odds of a positive HTLV serology with each increase in one unit of the continuous variable (one year for Age, one month for Time on MHD, and 103 IU/week for EPO); for categorical data, POR reflects the odds of a positive HTLV serology in the variable of interest compared to its complement. History of blood transfusion was limited to available data that reported transfusion only for the previous three months. P values in bold highlight the variables that were selected for the multivariable logistic regression model. Although a positive serology for Hepatitis B was associated with a p ≤ 0.25, it was not included in the multivariable model because we preferred to use the variable Hepatitis B or C