Table 1.
Subgenus | Species | Old/New World | Clinical disease | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leishmania | L. aethiopica | OW | LCL, DCL | East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya) |
L. amazonensis | NW | LCL, DCL, MCL | South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia) | |
L. donovani | OW | VL, PKDL | Central Africa, South Asia, Middle East, India, China | |
L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi) | OW, NW | VL, CL | Mediterranean countries (North Africa and Europe), Southeast Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, North, Central and South America (Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia) | |
L. major | OW | CL | North and Central Africa, Middle East, Central Asia | |
L. mexicana (syn. L. pifanoi) | NW | LCL, DCL | USA, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru | |
L. tropica | OW | LCL, VL | North and Central Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, India | |
L. venezuelensis | NW | LCL | Northern South America, Venezuela | |
L. waltoni | NW | DCL | Dominican Republic | |
Viannia | L. braziliensis | NW | LCL, MCL | Western Amazon Basin, South America (Guatemala, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru) |
L. guyanensis | NW | LCL, MCL | Northern South America (French Guinea, Suriname, Brazil, Bolivia) | |
L. lainsoni | NW | LCL | Brazil, Bolivia, Peru | |
L. lindenbergi | NW | LCL | Brazil | |
L. naiffi | NW | LCL | Brazil, French Guinea | |
L. panamensis | NW | LCL, MCL | Central and South America (Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Brazil) | |
L. peruviana | NW | LCL, MCL | Peru, Bolivia | |
L. shawi | NW | LCL | Brazil | |
Mundinia | L. martiniquensis | NW, OW | LCL, VL | Martinique, Thailand |
Abbreviations: DCL diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, LCL localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, MCL mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, NW New World, OW Old World, PKDL post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, VL visceral leishmaniasis