Table 1.

Species of Leishmania causing leishmaniasis in humans (adopted and modified according to references [4–6])

Subgenus	Species	Old/New World	Clinical disease	Distribution
Leishmania	L. aethiopica	OW	LCL, DCL	East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya)
	L. amazonensis	NW	LCL, DCL, MCL	South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia)
	L. donovani	OW	VL, PKDL	Central Africa, South Asia, Middle East, India, China
	L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi)	OW, NW	VL, CL	Mediterranean countries (North Africa and Europe), Southeast Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, North, Central and South America (Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia)
	L. major	OW	CL	North and Central Africa, Middle East, Central Asia
	L. mexicana (syn. L. pifanoi)	NW	LCL, DCL	USA, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru
	L. tropica	OW	LCL, VL	North and Central Africa, Middle East, Central Asia, India
	L. venezuelensis	NW	LCL	Northern South America, Venezuela
	L. waltoni	NW	DCL	Dominican Republic
Viannia	L. braziliensis	NW	LCL, MCL	Western Amazon Basin, South America (Guatemala, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru)
	L. guyanensis	NW	LCL, MCL	Northern South America (French Guinea, Suriname, Brazil, Bolivia)
	L. lainsoni	NW	LCL	Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
	L. lindenbergi	NW	LCL	Brazil
	L. naiffi	NW	LCL	Brazil, French Guinea
	L. panamensis	NW	LCL, MCL	Central and South America (Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Brazil)
	L. peruviana	NW	LCL, MCL	Peru, Bolivia
	L. shawi	NW	LCL	Brazil
Mundinia	L. martiniquensis	NW, OW	LCL, VL	Martinique, Thailand

Abbreviations: DCL diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, LCL localised cutaneous leishmaniasis, MCL mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, NW New World, OW Old World, PKDL post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, VL visceral leishmaniasis