FIG. 3.

Dgcr8^−/− NSCs cannot differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. (A–A″) Induction of Dgcr8^+/− NSCs into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Immunostaining of (A) neuronal markers Tuj1 (green) and MAP2 (red), (A′) astrocyte-specific marker GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue), and (A″) oligodendrocyte-specific marker O1 (green). Scale bars, 50 μm. (B–B″) Induction of Dgcr8^−/− NSCs into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. (B) Bright field image showing cell death 48 h after inducing Dgcr8^−/− NSCs into neurons. (B′) Immunostaining of astrocyte-specific marker GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue). Note that GFAP is weakly stained in both nuclei and cytoplasm, which is different from the cytoplasmic staining of Dgcr8^+/− NSC-derived astrocytes. (B″) Bright field image showing cell death 48 h after inducing Dgcr8^−/− NSCs into oligodendrocytes. Scale bars, 50 μm. (C–C″) Induction of Dgcr8^−/− NSCs rescued by a DGCR8 cDNA into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Immunostaining of (C) neuronal markers Tuj1 (green) and MAP2 (red), (C′) astrocyte-specific marker GFAP (red) and DAPI (blue), and (C″) oligodendrocyte-specific marker O1 (green). Scale bars, 50 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/scd