Table 2.
Fatigue Syndromes
| Fatigue Syndrome | Strains | Overview | Professional and Commercial Products | Foods |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groeger et al64 (2013) | B infantis 35624 | Reduce systemic proinflammatory biomarkers; 71% of CFS patients had decreased levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, when fed B infantis 35624. TNF-α and IL-6 control CRP on the transcription level. |
B infantis
35624: Align Probiotic Digestive Care (Procter & Gamble) |
None |
| Choppa et al69 (2012) | LAB, LAB-loaded alginate beads | “Immobility and PSF were found to increase considerably in FST rats (665 ± 22 s and 196 ± 6 s) as compared with the naïve (32 ± 7 s and 22 ± 2 s) at 20 days, establishing severe fatigue like behavior. FST control group exhibited significant (P < .05) hypertrophy of spleen, hypertrophy of thymus, and increased oxido-nitrosative stress in brain and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum.” Probiotic supplementation attenuated postswim fatigue time and reduced (P < .05) oxidonitrosative stress and TNF-α levels and restored the spleen and thymus to normal size. |
L acidophilus
beads: Probiotic Acidophilus BioBeads (Natrol, Inc) Theralac Probiotic (Master Supplements) Strengtia (Apex Energetics) L acidophilus: Widely available in probiotic supplements. |
Yogurt, kefir, (Nancy’s Organic yogurts) |
| Rao et al62 (2009) | L casei Shirota (Yakult Honsha, Tokyo, Japan) | Resulted in a significant rise in both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria as well as a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms (P = .01) in CFS patients. | Not available | Yakult |
| Rao et al62 (2009) | L plantarum 299-V | Resulted in significant rise in fecal Bifidobacteria levels. “Bifidobacteria can boost plasma tryptophan levels and alter serotonin and dopamine turnover in areas of the brain associated with depression and anxiety.” | Digestive Health Probiotic (Nature Made) Heart Healthy Probiotic Solutions (Dr Sinatra) Ideal Bowel Support, 10 Billion Organisms V-Capsules (Jarrow Formulas) Probiata Digestion Support and Critical Care (Kyolic) Plantadophilus-3 Billion CFU (Transformation Enzymes) Probiotic Balance (Sundown Naturals) Probiotic GX (Nature’s Bounty) Probiotic Supplement (GoodBelly) UltraFlora Intensive Care (Metagenics) |
GoodBelly |
| Sullivan et al66 (2009) | L paracasei sbsp paracasei F-19, L acidophilus NCFB-1748, B lactis BB-12 (together); Lactobacillus F-19, L acidophilus NCFB-1748, B lactis BB-12 | Results in fatigue and quality of life improvements based on visual analogue scales and the SF-12 Health Survey after 2 wk. |
L paracasei
sbsp
paracasei
F19: Gene-filus F19 (Siffra Farmaceutici) L acidophilus NCFB 1748: Not available (grown for research purposes). B lactis BB-12: Metabiotic (Procter & Gamble) TruBiotics (Bayer) |
No commonly available foods in the United States. |
| Giloteaux65 et al (2016); Quevrain70 et al (2016) |
F prausnitzii | Is significantly decreased in those with CFS and produces an anti-inflammatory protein capable of “inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and to prevent colitis in an animal model.” | Isolated for research purposes only. | None |
| Galland67 (2014) | B fragilis | Associated with decreased anxiety in CFS patients. “Corrects excessive gut permeability, alters gut microbial composition, and ameliorates deficits in communication and stereotypic, anxiety-like, and sensorimotor behaviors in the maternal immune activation model.” | Not applicable | B fragilis (None) |
| Giloteaux et al65 (2016) | P freudenreichii | Bifidogenic substance that increases butyrate. Butyrate modulates hormone and cytokine secretion and activates anti-inflammatory processes. | Securil (Nutricology) | Bacterium found in Swiss cheese, produces substances that enhance growth of Bifidobacteria. |
| Galland67 (2014) | Lactobacillus sp | “Some species of Lactobacillus are d-lactate producers and high-dose β-glucan (found in oats and barley) can increase intestinal permeability.” Case report showing that a symbiotic: B breve Yakult and L casei Shirota as probiotics and galacto-oligosaccharide as a prebiotic resolved the acidosis in a man with short-bowel syndrome. Suggest a probiotic that is free of Lactobacillus and high-dose β-glucan. |
Lactobacillus
sp: Widely available in dietary supplements. B breve Yakult, L casei Shirota: Not available. |
Fermented dairy products. Fermented soy products. Fermented vegetables. |
Abbreviations: CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome; CRP, C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin 6; LAB, lactic acid bacterium.