Table 2.

Sample characteristics from baseline interview, by group (Self-Report).

Characteristics	Total	SBIRT	Control	P-value
	(N = 732)	(n = 369)	(n = 363)
	% M(SD)	% M(SD)	% M(SD)
Gender				0.60
Male	72.68	71.82	73.55
Female	27.32	28.18	26.45
Race/ethnicity				0.87
White	25.68	25.75	25.62
Black	30.33	30.62	30.03
Hispanic	34.43	33.33	33.54
Multi-racial/Other a	9.56	10.30	8.81
Age at admission	37.60 (11.44)	37.01 (11.12)	38.20 (11.75)	0.16
Marital status				0.54
Never married	68.03	69.92	66.12
Previously married	20.08	18.97	21.21
Married/living together	11.89	11.11	12.67
Highest level of education				0.98
Less than high school	34.43	34.96	33.88
High school	35.11	34.96	35.26
Trade/tech/some college	25.27	25.20	25.34
4+ years of college	5.19	4.88	5.51
Employment status prior to incarceration				0.15
Full time	19.95	17.62	22.31
Part time	28.83	31.44	26.17
Unemployedb	51.23	51.95	51.52
Illicit drug use past 3 months*				0.02
Daily/almost daily	70.64	74.93	66.39
Sometimes	18.98	17.27	20.66
No use	10.39	7.80	12.95
Alcohol use past 3 months				0.15
Daily/almost daily	24.52	27.86	21.21
Sometimes	54.29	51.81	56.75
No use	21.19	20.33	22.04
Alcohol risk level				0.08
High	17.96	19.11	16.80
Moderate	25.00	26.04	23.97
Low	53.73	50.14	57.30
Never used	3.31	4.71	1.93
Cannabis risk level**				0.01
High	12.43	11.08	13.77
Moderate	49.17	55.12	43.25
Low	32.18	27.70	36.64
Never used	6.22	6.09	6.34
Cocaine risk level				0.32
High	12.98	13.57	12.40
Moderate	21.55	24.10	19.01
Low	36.88	34.90	38.84
Never used	28.59	27.42	29.75
Amphetamine risk level***				0.0001
High	40.33	40.72	39.94
Moderate	23.07	30.19	15.98
Low	8.98	9.14	8.82
Never Used	27.62	19.94	35.26
Opioid risk level***				0.0003
High	8.70	8.31	9.09
Moderate	11.46	15.79	7.16
Low	13.81	16.07	11.57
Never used	66.02	59.83	72.18
Inpatient drug treatment (lifetime)	1.57 (2.96)	1.56 (2.75)	1.57 (3.15)	0.46
Outpatient drug treatment (lifetime)	1.00 (4.00)	0.93 (2.20)	1.07 (5.25)	0.44
Lifetime arrests*	16.03 (20.33)	17.56 (24.24)	14.47 (15.24)	0.04
Times arrested past 3 months	1.44 (0.93)	1.46 (0.94)	1.42 (0.92)	0.36
Condom use, past 30 days				0.96
Every time	19.10	19.30	18.89
Often	7.54	8.23	6.84
Sometimes	13.64	13.92	13.36
Rarely	10.27	9.81	10.75
Never	49.44	48.73	50.16
Shared needles, past 30 days				0.28
Yes	71.88	75.61	67.95
No	28.13	24.39	32.05
Readiness for change (URICA)				0.24
Precontemplation	16.53	14.36	18.73
Contemplation	53.01	55.28	50.69
Preparation/Action	30.46	30.35	30.58
Preferred assignment				0.99
SBIRT	26.50	26.29	26.72
Control	19.40	19.51	19.28
No preference	54.10	54.20	53.99

Note: The time periods (e.g., past 3 months) refer to the time prior to the current incarceration. All drug and alcohol measures are based on the ASSIST.

^aIncludes Asian, American Indian, Hawaiian

^bIncludes looking for work, not looking for work, disabled, retired, home caretaker/stay at home parent, student

^*p ≤ .05;

^**p ≤ .01;

^***p ≤ .001