Table 3.
Comparison of treatment groups on primary and secondary outcomes.
| Characteristics | SBIRT (n = 261) %; M(SD) |
Control (n = 260) %; M(SD) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drug use past 3 monthsa | 0.19 | ||
| Daily/almost daily | 49.43 | 41.92 | |
| Sometimes | 25.67 | 27.31 | |
| No use | 24.90 | 30.77 | |
| Alcohol use past 3 months | 0.12 | ||
| Daily/almost daily | 16.86 | 11.92 | |
| Sometimes | 44.44 | 52.31 | |
| No use | 38.70 | 35.77 | |
| Days following release until drug useb | 32.62 (93.32) | 24.84 (70.49) | 0.11 |
| Days following release until alcohol useb | 27.64 (63.48) | 31.45 (63.24) | 0.16 |
| Change in cannabis risk | 0.95 | ||
| Never Used | 3.88 | 3.05 | |
| Improved Risk | 26.36 | 25.57 | |
| No Change is Risk | 60.08 | 61.45 | |
| Worse Risk | 9.69 | 9.92 | |
| Change in cocaine risk | 0.10 | ||
| Never Used | 19.38 | 21.37 | |
| Improved Risk | 21.71 | 14.50 | |
| No Change is Risk | 46.51 | 46.56 | |
| Worse Risk | 12.40 | 17.56 | |
| Change in amphetamine risk | 0.53 | ||
| Never Used | 18.99 | 22.90 | |
| Improved Risk | 29.07 | 25.57 | |
| No Change is Risk | 40.70 | 38.17 | |
| Worse Risk | 11.24 | 13.36 | |
| Change in opioid risk | 0.13 | ||
| Never Used | 58.14 | 61.07 | |
| Improved Risk | 6.98 | 5.34 | |
| No Change is Risk | 26.36 | 20.23 | |
| Worse Risk | 8.53 | 13.36 | |
| Change in alcohol risk | 0.08 | ||
| Never Used | 3.49 | 0.38 | |
| Improved Risk | 25.97 | 26.34 | |
| No Change is Risk | 61.24 | 63.36 | |
| Worse Risk | 9.30 | 9.92 | |
| Attended inpatient treatment past 12 months | 0.74 | ||
| Yes | 14.67 | 15.71 | |
| Attended outpatient treatment past 12 months | 0.49 | ||
| Yes | 9.27 | 11.11 | |
| Admitted to treatment within 3 months of study entrancec (Agency records) | 0.32 | ||
| Yes | 3.25 | 4.68 | |
| Attended self-help groups following release from jail | 0.74 | ||
| Yes | 28.79 | 27.00 | |
| Arrested within 12 months of follow-upc (Agency records) | 0.047d | ||
| Yes | 61.52 | 54.27 | |
| Condom use, past 30 days | 0.12 | ||
| Every time | 25.41 | 22.96 | |
| Often | 5.95 | 14.29 | |
| Sometimes | 7.57 | 6.12 | |
| Rarely | 6.49 | 6.12 | |
| Never | 54.59 | 50.51 | |
| Shared needles, past 30 days | 0.86 | ||
| Yes | 23.26 | 25.00 | |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) | |||
| Physical | 70.04 (23.00) | 70.87 (23.16) | 0.68 |
| Psychological | 68.73 (20.46) | 69.29 (18.84) | 0.74 |
| Social | 62.34 (26.64) | 63.09 (25.92) | 0.74 |
| Environment | 55.85 (22.16) | 58.29 (21.83) | 0.20 |
Note: All data is from self-report, expect where “agency records” is indicated.
a
All drugs, excludes alcohol.
b
Wilcoxon signed-rank test due to non-normal distribution.
c
Includes all respondents enrolled at baseline.
d
Non-significant (p = 0.07) when controlling for a significant baseline difference in lifetime arrests.
*
p ≤ .05;
**
p ≤ .01;
***
p ≤ .001