Table 3. Odds ratio of selected suboptimal adherence predictors in univariate and multivariate analysis.
| Predictor (N) | Category | Suboptimal adherence n/N (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORa (95% CI) | P | aORb (95% CI) | P | |||
| Adolescent gender (568) | Male | 113/237 (47.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 162/331 (48.9) | 1.052 (0.753–1.469) | 0.766 | 1.057 (0.710–1.574) | 0.784 | |
| Adolescent age (568) | 12–13 | 123/249 (49.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 14–15 | 83/177 (46.9) | 0.905 (0.615–1.330) | 0.610 | 0.648 (0.404–1.040) | 0.072 | |
| 16–19 | 69/142 (48.6) | 0.968 (0.641–1.462) | 0.878 | 0.575 (0.341–0.968) | 0.037 | |
| Years on ART (568) | 0–4 | 104/216 (48.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 5–6 | 86/188 (45.7) | 0.908 (0.614–1.344) | 0.629 | 1.062 (0.670–1.684) | 0.797 | |
| ≥7 | 85/164 (51.8) | 1.159 (0.772–1.739) | 0.477 | 1.011 (0.627–1.631) | 0.963 | |
| Adolescent’s intellectual ability assessed by caregiver (547) | Good, very good | 109/259 (42.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Average | 116/228 (50.9) | 1.425 (0.996–2.039) | 0.052 | 1.368 (0.909–2.060) | 0.133 | |
| Poor, very poor | 38/60 (63.3) | 2.377 (1.331–4.246) | 0.003 | 2.886 (1.410–5.905) | 0.004 | |
| Caregiver type (568) | Parents | 69/179 (38.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Grandparents | 105/213 (49.3) | 1.550 (1.035–2.320) | 0.033 | 1.649 (1.027–2.650) | 0.039 | |
| Other family members | 101/176 (57.4) | 2.147 (1.405–3.281) | <0.001 | 2.100 (1.277–3.456) | 0.003 | |
| Easiness to ask doctors questions reported by adolescent (567) | Very easy | 76/134 (56.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Easy | 94/204 (46.1) | 0.652 (0.421–1.011) | 0.056 | 0.510 (0.302–0.861) | 0.012 | |
| Ok | 92/210 (43.8) | 0.595 (0.384–0.921) | 0.020 | 0.400 (0.231–0.690) | 0.001 | |
| Very difficult, difficult | 12/19 (63.2) | 1.308 (0.485–3.531) | 0.596 | 0.625 (0.184–2.125) | 0.452 | |
| Happiness reported by adolescent (568) | Very happy | 34/98 (34.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Happy | 94/189 (49.7) | 1.863 (1.125–3.084) | 0.016 | 2.420 (1.331–4.398) | 0.004 | |
| Average | 84/174 (48.3) | 1.757 (1.054–2.929) | 0.031 | 2.716 (1.448–5.097) | 0.002 | |
| Unhappy or very unhappy | 63/107 (58.9) | 2.695 (1.529–4.751) | 0.001 | 3.849 (1.896–7.815) | <0.001 | |
| Has a boy/girlfriend reported by adolescent (567) | No | 199/441 (45.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 76/126 (60.3) | 1.848 (1.235–2.766) | 0.003 | 1.965 (1.199–3.220) | 0.007 | |
| Chat on internet (567) | No | 127/287 (44.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sometimes | 129/237 (54.4) | 1.505 (1.065–2.127) | 0.021 | 1.842 (1.201–2.824) | 0.005 | |
| Often | 19/43 (44.2) | 0.997 (0.523–1.902) | 0.994 | 1.495 (0.687–3.252) | 0.311 | |
| Caregiver education (568) | Never | 36/83 (43.4) | 1 | — | — | |
| Primary | 187/378 (49.5) | 1.278 (0.792–2.063) | 0.315 | — | — | |
| Secondary and above | 52/107 (48.6) | 1.234 (0.694–2.197) | 0.474 | — | — | |
| Financial situation (568) | Ok, good, very good | 179/360 (49.7) | 1 | — | — | |
| Very difficult, difficult | 96/208 (46.2) | 0.867 (0.616–1.220) | 0.412 | — | — | |
| Arguments with caregiver reported by adolescent (567) | Never or rarely | 119/267 (44.6) | 1 | — | — | |
| Sometimes | 103/213 (48.4) | 1.165(0.812–1.671) | 0.408 | — | — | |
| Often or very often | 52/87 (59.8) | 1.848 (1.130–3.022) | 0.014 | — | — | |
| Discrimination from friends reported by caregiver (568) | No or unclear | 203/442 (45.9) | 1 | — | — | |
| Yes | 72/126 (57.1) | 1.570 (1.053–2.340) | 0.027 | — | — | |
| Disclosure of HIV status reported by caregiver (568) | Adolescent does not know | 30/66 (45.5) | 1 | — | — | |
| Formal disclosure | 170/347 (49.0) | 1.153 (0.680–1.955) | 0.598 | — | — | |
| Adolescent knows without formal disclosure | 75/155 (48.4) | 1.125 (0.631–2.005) | 0.690 | — | — | |
a OR = Odds Ratio
b Adjusted for adolescent age (categorical), gender and years on ART (categorical)