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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 3.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):449–471. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308427

Figure 4. The structural alterations in endothelial cells are critical for BBB opening early after ischemic stroke.

Figure 4

A. The opening of paracellular pathways: cytoskeletal rearrangements and related signaling in endothelial cells. B. The transcellular pathway of BBB leakage. ADF: actin-depolymerizing factor; CaM: calmodulin; LIMK: LIM kinase; MLC: myosin light chain; MLCK: MLC kinase; MLCP: MLC phosphatase; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase; ROCK: Rho kinase TESK1: testicular protein kinase 1.