Figure 4. The structural alterations in endothelial cells are critical for BBB opening early after ischemic stroke.
A. The opening of paracellular pathways: cytoskeletal rearrangements and related signaling in endothelial cells. B. The transcellular pathway of BBB leakage. ADF: actin-depolymerizing factor; CaM: calmodulin; LIMK: LIM kinase; MLC: myosin light chain; MLCK: MLC kinase; MLCP: MLC phosphatase; MMP: matrix metallopeptidase; ROCK: Rho kinase TESK1: testicular protein kinase 1.