Fig 1. Growth curves of Escherichia coli cultures transformed with WRAB18 or control pET28a under four abiotic stresses.

E. coli strains grown under standard culture conditions (A), in medium supplemented with 800 mM mannitol (B) or 500 mM NaCl (C), and under exposure to 28°C (D) or 45°C (E). The OD₆₀₀ was measured as an indicator of the increase in density of the liquid cultures. Each stress assay was performed three times, and statistically significant differences were analyzed using the Student’s t-test.