Table 3. Crude and adjusted HIV-1 Incidence rate ratios by frequency of alcohol drinking and population attributable fractions of new HIV infections due to alcohol consumption in fishing communities around Lake Victoria, Uganda (n = 1288).
| Incidence Rate (95% CI) | HIV-1 Incidence Rate Ratios (95% CI) | Population Attributable Fraction (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | ||||||
| Characteristic | Frequency of alcohol consumption | Frequency of alcohol consumption | |||||||
| None | Occasional | Regular | None | Occasional | Regular | ||||
| All Participants | 3.39 (2.55–4.49) | 1 | 2.33 (1.01–5.39) ¶ | 4.30 (2.07–8.92)¶ | 1 | 3.09 (1.13–8.46) ¶ | 5.34 (2.04–13.97)¶ | 55.8 (23.3–74.6) | 64.1 (23.5–83.1) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 3.40 (2.31–4.99) | 1 | 2.00 (0.40–9.95) | 7.72 (2.29–26.03)¶ | 1 | 2.92 (0.55–15.54) | 11.11 (2.86–43.10)¶ | 58.2 (25.0–76.7) | 66.1 (26.2–84.4) |
| Female | 3.37 (2.22–5.13) | 1 | 2.42 (0.90–6.50) | 2.38 (0.80–7.07) | 1 | 3.61 (1.06–12.34) | 2.11 (0.40–11.27) | 53.6 (11.4–75.6) | 61.9 (20.8–81.6) |
| Age at enrolment (years) | |||||||||
| 30+ | 2.45 (1.50–4.00) | 1 | 1.54 (0.34–6.90) | 3.06 (0.94–9.95) | 1 | 5.29 (0.52–53.16) | 7.78 (0.92–66.05) | 57.3 (25.0–75.7) | 65.3 (25.0–84.0) |
| 25–29 | 4.77 (2.96–7.67) | 1 | 4.02 (0.78–20.76) | 8.44 (1.85–38.52)¶ | 1 | 4.67 (0.77–28.23) | 11.35 (2.24–57.49) | 57.2 (24.9–75.6) | 64.2 (23.5–83.2) |
| 18–24 | 3.68 (2.22–6.11) | 1 | 2.10 (0.52–8.42) | 4.04 (1.18–13.84)¶ | 1 | 2.86 (0.60–13.64) | 3.37 (0.45–24.96) | 53.7 (21.5–72.7) | 63.0 (22.4–82.4) |
| Education | |||||||||
| None/Primary | 3.23 (2.24–4.65) | 1 | 1.76 (0.59–5.25) | 3.33 (1.37–8.09) | 1 | 3.18 (0.73–13.80) | 4.45 (1.03–19.09) | 54.8 (22.3–73.8) | 65.2 (24.8–83.9) |
| Secondary and beyond | 3.68 (2.35–5.77) | 1 | 3.54 (0.88–14.18) | 7.03 (1.93–25.52) ¶ | 1 | 3.05 (0.74–12.60) | 5.80 (1.61–20.96)¶ | 54.9 (22.4–73.8) | 62.7 (21.9–82.2) |
| Religion | |||||||||
| Muslim | 2.06 (0.93–4.60) | 1 | 2.48 (0.41–14.94) | 1.47 (0.15–14.23) | 1 | 4.67 (0.44–49.61) | 2.48 (0.16–37.21) | 38.8 (6.9–59.8) | 52.3 (11.9–74.2) |
| Protestant/Evangelical | 2.09 (1.18–3.67) | 1 | 3.17 (0.53–18.97) | 6.60 (1.37–31.81) ¶ | 1 | 5.29 (0.50–55.8) | 12.35 (1.41–108.24) | 49.0 (13.4–70.0) | 62.3 (21.1–82.0) |
| Roman Catholic | 5.44 (3.80–7.78) | 1 | 1.67 (0.53–5.28) | 3.24 (1.20–8.73) ¶ | 1 | 2.82 (0.76–10.47) | 4.64 (1.40–15.42) | 55.9 (19.3–75.9) | 67.2 (26.7–85.3) |
| Ethnicity/tribe | |||||||||
| Baganda | 2.52 (1.56–4.05) | 1 | 2.97 (0.71–12.44) | 5.34 (1.44–19.73) ¶ | 1 | 6.30 (1.10–35.98) | 6.90 (1.32–36.18) | 55.8 (23.3–74.5) | 63.2 (22.3–82.6) |
| Non-Baganda | 4.18 (2.94–5.95) | 1 | 2.11 (0.74–6.02) | 3.78 (1.57–9.11) ¶ | 1 | 2.76 (0.78–9.80) | 5.22 (1.61–16.93) | 55.9 (23.4–74.6) | 64.6 (24.1–83.5) |
| Occupation | |||||||||
| None fishing activities† | 2.96 (1.93–4.53) | 1 | 2.25 (0.65–7.78) | 4.84 (1.68–13.94) ¶ | 1 | 3.61 (0.81–15.96) | 4.78 (0.93–24.47) | 47.9 (16.2–67.5) | 61.4 (20.7–81.4) |
| Fishing/fishing related activities†† | 3.82 (2.62–5.57) | 1 | 2.31 (0.73–7.28) | 3.77 (1.37–10.39) ¶ | 1 | 4.40 (1.14–16.95) | 7.76 (2.08–28.96) | 59.2 (26.7–77.3) | 66.1 (25.8–84.5) |
| Duration of stay in community (years) | |||||||||
| 5+ | 2.94 (1.91–4.51) | 1 | 2.67 (0.71–9.94) | 4.82 (1.55–14.97) ¶ | 1 | 3.31 (0.72–15.15) | 3.90 (0.79–19.23) | 55.3 (22.8–74.2) | 64.7 (23.4–83.1) |
| 2–4 | 3.00 (1.66–5.42) | 1 | 0.88 (0.16–4.83) | 2.21 (0.59–8.25) | 1 | 2.01 (0.11–35.64) | 5.40 (0.42–69.23) | 55.8 (23.2–74.5) | 65.3 (25.1–83.9) |
| Less than 2 | 4.75 (2.91–7.74) | 1 | 4.45 (0.86–22.99) | 7.40 (1.60–34.30) ¶ | 1 | 4.36 (0.68–28.01) | 9.44 (1.80–49.44) | 56.1 (23.5–74.8) | 63.1 (22.1–82.5) |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Not Married | 4.39 (2.92–6.61) | 1 | 1.56 (0.45–5.40) | 3.13 (1.11–8.78) | 1 | 3.52 (0.71–17.37) | 4.15 (0.86–20.06) | 58.0 (25.0–76.5) | 66.1 (25.8–84.5) |
| Married | 2.80 (1.89–4.14) | 1 | 3.06 (0.97–9.65) | 5.21 (1.85–14.62) | 1 | 5.22 (1.36–19.97) | 8.50 (2.33–31.01) | 53.2 (20.4–72.6) | 62.2 (21.1–82.0) |
| New sex partners in past 12 months | |||||||||
| 0–1 | 2.69 (1.87–3.87) | 1 | 4.16 (1.42–12.18)¶ | 5.85 (2.11–16.26) ¶ | 1 | 3.52 (1.14–10.82) ¶ | 6.82 (2.36–19.66) ¶ | 53.3 (20.4–72.6) | 61.4 (19.7–81.4) |
| 2+ | 5.67 (3.14–10.23) | 1 | 1.98 (0.18–21.92) | 3.75 (0.47–30.08) | 1 | 6.61 (2.28–19.20) | 3.03 (0.90–10.19) | 63.8 (31.6–80.9) | 71.2 (32.6–87.7) |
| Condom use | |||||||||
| No | 3.77 (2.62–5.42) | 1 | 2.83 (1.03–7.79) ¶ | 4.47 (1.81–11.08) ¶ | 1 | 5.13 (1.25–21.02) ¶ | 7.18 (1.72–30.02) ¶ | 51.6 (18.7–71.1) | 61.3 (19.7–81.4) |
| Yes | 3.72 (2.37–5.83) | 1 | 1.70 (0.38–7.64) | 4.13 (1.16–14.68)¶ | 1 | 1.42 (0.34–5.89) | 3.50 (0.93–13.22) | 59.6 (26.6–77.7) | 67.1 (27.1–85.2) |
†Farming, Shop keeping, Housewife, Construction/Mechanic/Government/Clerical, Fishing,
††Fishmongers, fish processing, boat maker/owner,
¶ Statistically significant with p<0.05