Table 3.

Mean Absolute Error of the Two-Revolute Joint Model^*

	Nonimpaired	4CF	SE4CF
X Translation (mm)	0.01 ± 0.007	0.01 ± 0.006	0.01 ± 0.008
Y Translation (mm)	0.01 ± 0.006	0.01 ± 0.006	0.01 ± 0.004
Z Translation (mm)	0.02 ± 0.014	0.01 ± 0.007	0.00 ± 0.006
φAngle (degrees)	0.7 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 2.5	0.6 ± 0.3
ΘAngle (degrees)	1.1 ± 2.2	1.0 ± 2.5	1.3 ± 0.6
Ψ Angle (degrees)	0.8 ± 2.6	0.8 ± 3.5	0.6 ± 0.4

^*Reported values are mean absolute error ± standard deviation across all trials and specimens. Mean absolute error is defined as the magnitude of difference between the angles and translations calculated using the model and those measured experimentally. Positive x, y, and z translations respectively correspond to movement in the radial, proximal, and dorsal directions. φ, Θ, and Ψ respectively correspond rotations about the x, y, and z axes.