. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Appl Biomech. 2016 Oct 5;33(1):12–23. doi: 10.1123/jab.2015-0324

Table 4.

Median Orientation of Axes of Rotation^*

Condition	Flexion-Extension Axis			Radial-Ulnar Deviation Axis
Condition	median	25th percentile	75th percentile	median	25th percentile	75th percentile
Nonimpaired	[0.979, 0.193, −0.067]	[0.959, 0.046, −0.279]	[0.936, 0.322, 0.146]	[0.097, 0.580, 0.809]	[−0.620, 0.266, 0.738]	[0.382, 0.628, 0.678]
4CF	[0.982, 0.187, 0.032]	[0.961, 0.016, −0.277]	[0.899, 0.323, 0.295]	[−0.356, 0.522, 0.775]	[−0.598, 0.448, 0.664]	[−0.137, 0.549, 0.824]
SE4CF	[0.995, 0.093, −0.037]	[0.946, −0.237, −0.221]	[0.916, 0.381, 0.127]	[−0.499, 0.375, 0.781]	[−0.672, 0.299, 0.704]	[−0.334, 0.487, 0.807]

Orientation of axes of rotation reported as unit vectors [x, y, z] in the radius reference frame. Positive values represent the radial, proximal, and dorsal directions. The median, 25^th percentile, and 75^th percentile were calculated using spherical statistics (Fisher et al., 1987). An illustration of these axis orientations are provided in Figure 4 and Figure 5.