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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Biomech. 2016 Oct 5;33(1):12–23. doi: 10.1123/jab.2015-0324

Table 5.

Median Location of Axes of Rotation (in cm)*

Condition Flexion-Extension Axis Radial-Ulnar Deviation Axis
x y z x y z
Nonimpaired 2.62 [2.25, 2.89] −24.34 [−24.51, −24.29] 2.31 [2.17, 2.48] 3.12 [2.92, 4.87] −24.55 [−26.37, −24.36] 1.37 [−1.10, 2.83]
4CF 2.69 [2.14, 3.03] −23.74 [−23.83, −23.40] 3.10 [2.58, 3.71] 2.97 [2.74, 3.98] −24.38 [−25.82, −23.95] 1.72 [0.84, 2.50]
SE4CF 1.79 [1.35, 2.89] −23.64 [−23.94, −23.31] 2.88 [2.52, 3.23] 2.99 [2.08, 3.40] −25.17 [−26.34, −23.95] 1.57 [0.63, 2.50]
*

Axes are reported in the radius reference frame. Positive values represent the radial, proximal, and dorsal directions. Bracketed values represent 25th and 75th percentile. An illustration of these axis locations are provided in Figure 6.