Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of DSM-IV AN, DSM-5 AN, atypical AN, and healthy controls
| DSM-IV AN (n=37) | DSM-5 AN (n=33)* | Atypical AN (n=77) | Healthy controls (n=21) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Age (y) | 25.9 ± 6.4 | 24.9 ± 5.8 | 25.7 ± 6.0 | 27.0 ± 7.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.2 ± 0.7a | 17.5 ± 0.9a | 19.3 ± 0.7b | 22.3 ± 1.4c |
| % IBW | 80.5 ± 3.2a | 82.6 ± 4.4a | 90.8 ± 3.5b | 104.9 ± 7.5c |
| Highest Past BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 3.3ab | 21.4 ± 4.1a | 23.2 ± 3.0b | 24.0 ± 2.2b |
| Lowest Past BMI (kg/m2) | 15.0 ± 1.6a | 15.5 ± 1.7a | 16.6 ± 1.7b | 21.1 ± 2.1c |
| Anorexia Nervosa Subtype (% binge/purge type) | 32.4 | 27.3 | 32.4 | n/a |
| Duration of Illness (clinician diagnosis, years) | 6.3 ± 4.4 | 6.1 ± 5.8 | 5.3 ± 5.9 | n/a |
| Estrogen/Progestin use (oral or transdermal, %) | 27.0 | 18.2 | 29.3 | n/a |
| Amenorrheic, not on OCPs (%) | 70.3a | 18.2b | 27.8b | n/a |
| Duration of current amenorrhea (months)** | 53.1 ± 61.6a | 5.2 ± 10.2b | 14.9 ± 22.3c | n/a |
| History of amenorrhea (%) | 91.7 | 80.0 | 83.1 | n/a |
| Current Psychiatric Medication Use (%) | 54.1 | 53.1 | 64.9 | n/a |
| History of Eating Disorder Inpatient Treatment (%) | 50.0 | 45.5 | 59.7 | n/a |
| Eating Disorder Psychopathology | ||||
| EDE-Q Restraint Subscale | 3.2 ± 1.5a | 3.2 ± 1.6a | 3.0 ± 1.6a | 0.4 ± 0.6b |
| EDE-Q Eating Concern Subscale | 3.0 ± 1.5a | 2.6 ± 1.5a | 2.3 ± 1.4a | 0.2 ± 0.3b |
| EDE-Q Shape Concern Subscale | 3.7 ± 1.7a | 3.6 ± 1.7a | 3.8 ± 1.6a | 0.8 ± 0.7b |
| EDE-Q Weight Concern Subscale | 3.1 ± 1.5a | 3.2 ± 1.8a | 3.3 ± 1.6a | 0.5 ± 0.5b |
| Number of Purging Episodes per Week | 0.8 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 5.1 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | n/a |
| Number of Bingeing Episodes per Week | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | n/a |
| EDI-2 Drive for Thinness | 10.9 ± 6.8a | 10.1 ± 6.6a | 11.7 ± 6.6a | 1.1 ± 1.4b |
| EDI-2 Bulimia | 2.7 ± 4.2 | 2.2 ± 4.2 | 1.4 ± 2.6 | 0.4 ± 0.8 |
| EDI-2 Body Dissatisfaction | 11.8 ± 7.4a | 11.4 ± 7.8a | 12.6 ± 8.3a | 3.9 ± 4.0b |
| Paffenbarger Vigorous Activity/Week (hours) | 3.9 ± 5.7 | 5.3 ± 6.2 | 4.6 ± 4.9 | 4.8 ± 4.1 |
| Compensatory Exercise in the Past 3 Months (%) | 35.1 | 42.4 | 46.5 | n/a |
| Compensatory Exercise in the Past 28 days (days) | 5.9 ± 8.9 | 5.6 ± 8.1 | 4.9 ± 6.3 | n/a |
| Associated Psychopathology | ||||
| HAM-D | 16.6 ± 7.3a | 14.8 ± 5.3a | 16.5 ± 7.1a | 1.9 ± 2.3b |
| HAM-A | 13.6 ± 7.2a | 13.5 ± 6.1a | 14.8 ± 7.9a | 1.6 ± 2.2b |
*
This group excludes participants who met DSM-IV AN criteria;
**
Last menstrual period in women not receiving estrogen/progestin;
‡
Estradiol levels for women not receiving estrogen;
a,b,c
Groups with different superscripts differ significantly at p ≤0.05
Note: n/a= not applicable; BMI = Body mass index; IBW = Ideal body weight; OCP = oral contraceptive; EDE-Q = Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; EDI-2 = Eating Disorder Inventory-2; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale