Table 1.
The Characteristics of the Study Participants.
| Characteristics | total n=527 |
G1 n=105 |
G2 n=188 |
G3 n=177 |
G4 n=57 |
p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | ||
| Age (y) | 60.4 | 6.9 | 59.4 | 6.8 | 59.6 | 6.6 | 60.6 | 6.3 | 64.1 | 8.1 | < 0.01* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 | 3.2 | 23.2 | 3.4 | 22.8 | 3.0 | 23.1 | 3.3 | 22.9 | 3.2 | 0.588 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 70.1 | 12.9 | 71.4 | 12.7 | 70.2 | 12.0 | 70.3 | 13.9 | 66.8 | 12.2 | 0.191 |
| HbAlC (%) | 5.88 | 0.59 | 5.90 | 0.54 | 5.80 | 0.49 | 5.93 | 0.72 | 5.92 | 0.51 | 0.176 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 211.4 | 34.4 | 213.6 | 40.6 | 210.4 | 34.9 | 210.5 | 31.4 | 213.3 | 29.1 | 0.834 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 111.5 | 69.2 | 110.8 | 60.4 | 110.8 | 73.7 | 112.9 | 74.1 | 110.6 | 52.4 | 0.990 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 122.7 | 30.3 | 123.7 | 34.8 | 122.3 | 30.2 | 121.9 | 29.1 | 124.6 | 25.4 | 0.926 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 61.5 | 16.2 | 61.7 | 16.5 | 61.4 | 17.2 | 61.8 | 15.5 | 60.7 | 15.0 | 0.973 |
| smoking score | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.82 | 0.52 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.71 | 0.311 |
| Male [n (%)] | 304 (57.7) | 70 (66.7) | 97 (51.6) | 104 (58.8) | 33 (57.9) | 0.095 | |||||
| anti-HT medication [n (%)] | 138 (26.2) | 26 (24.8) | 44 (23.4) | 48 (27.1) | 20 (35.1) | 0.375 | |||||
| anti-DM medication [n (%)] | 40 (7.6) | 9 (5.1) | 11 (5.6) | 16 (9.0) | 4 (7.0) | 0.746 | |||||
| anti-DL medication [n (%)] | 73 (13.8) | 15 (14.3) | 25 (13.3) | 23 (13.0) | 10 (17.5) | 0.802 | |||||
G1: Group 1 (< 1 bowl / week of miso soup), G2: Group 2 (< 4 bowls / week of miso soup),
G3: Group 3 (< 7 bowls / week of miso soup), G4: Group 4 (≥ 7 bowls / week of miso soup)
BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration ratio, HbAlC: hemoglobin AlC, TC: total cholesterol
TG: triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HT: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, DL: dyslipidemia
smoking score: non-smoking, 0; past smoking, 1; current smoking, 2