Fig. 5.

Limits of Concern and the consequence for the stepwise testing strategy in the ERA of GMO—own view. Filled arrows indicate the proceeding to the next (higher) tier, irrespective of whether or not the ${\text{LoC}}_{\text{indicator}}^{\text{n}}$ has been exceeded. Dashed arrows indicate that results from the testing are compared with the ${\text{LoC}}_{\text{indicator}}^{\text{n}}$ (exceedance/non-exceedance) at each tier and then integrated in the risk characterisation step of the ERA