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. 2016 Nov 1;6(11):e935. doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.146

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Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Infants exposed to prenatal maternal depression (PMD) show increased inverse, or negative, functional connectivity between the amygdala and the dorsal prefrontal cortex. Seed-based connectivity maps are presented with seeds in the left and right amygdala (Amg). Positive and negative correlations (that is, positive and inverse connectivity) are presented in yellow and blue, respectively. Infants exposed to prenatal maternal depression (PMD) and infants unexposed to N-PMD both display inverse connectivity between the left and right amygdala and the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PC) and parietal lobes (PL). Regions in purple/fuchsia indicate differences in connectivity strength in N-PMD versus PMD infants. Box plots (right column) demonstrate that relative to N-PMD infants, exposed infants (PMD) show increased inverse connectivity between the left amygdala and the dPFC and between the right amygdala and the midcingulate cortex/prefrontal cortex (MCC/PFC).