Table 2. Description of the inferred metabolomic clusters.
| Index | Size | Enrich. | TG median CN, DBC | Strongest identified peaks | Group eff. (median, P) | Olanzapine effects (median, P) | Risperidone effects (median, P) | Clinical associations, time (R, P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC1 | 156 | ChoE(14:0), ChoE(16:0), LPC(20:5), TG(14:0/16:0/17:0)+TG(14:0/18:0/15:0) | ||||||
| LC2 | 120 | PC, PE | PC(38:6) (2), PC(18:0/22:6), PC(16:0/22:5), PC(32:0) | BPRS, 2 m (−0.53, 0.0081) | ||||
| LC3 | 88 | SM | ChoE(18:1), SM(d18:1/16:0), SM(d18:1/22:0), SM(d18:1/24:0) | BPRS, 2 m (−0.54, 0.0075) | ||||
| LC4 | 70 | TG(53:6) | ||||||
| LC5 | 69 | weight, 2 m (-0.43, 0.036); BMI, 2 m (−0.42, 0.041) | ||||||
| LC6 | 58 | TG | 58, 8 | PC(16:0/20:5), TG(56:7) (2), TG(56:8) (2), TG(22:6/18:1/18:1) | ||||
| LC7 | 56 | PC, PE | ChoE(18:2), PC(36:2), PC(36:1), PC(36:4) | case, 2 m (0.75, 0.033) | LIPOA, 1 y (−0.72, 0.016) | |||
| LC8 | 54 | TG | 51.5, 2 | TG(16:0/18:1/18:1), TG(18:1/18:1/18:1), TG(14:0/18:1/18:1)+TG(16:0/16:1/18:1), TG(50:1) | case, 2 m (−1.6, 0.031) | |||
| LC9 | 52 | TG | 53, 1 | TG(16:0/18:0/18:1), TG(16:0/18:1/20:1)+TG(18:0/18:1/18:1), TG(16:0/16:0/16:0)+TG(14:0/16:0/18:0), TG(17:0/18:1/18:1) | case, 2 m −1.2, 0.022) | LIPOB, 1 y (−0.69, 0.023); TCHO, 1 y (−0.63, 0.044) | ||
| LC10 | 51 | PC | PC(34:2), PC(34:1), PC(36:3) (1), PC(38:3) | |||||
| LC11 | 48 | LPC, LPE | LPC(16:0), PC(18:1/20:4), LPC(18:0), LPC(18:1) | LIPOA, 2 m (−0.57, 0.0057); TCHOH, 2 m (−0.49, 0.02); TCHOL, 1 y (−0.77, 0.0074); TCHOL, 1 y (−0.76, 0.0086); LIPOB, 1 y (−0.7, 0.02) | ||||
| LC12 | 45 | PC | PC(16:0/20:4), ChoE(20:4), SM(d18:1/24:1), PC(38:4) | case, BL (0.66, 0.032) | HOMA-IR, 2 m (0.5, 0.016); GAF, 2 m (-0.44, 0.034); insulin, 2 m (0.44, 0.036) | |||
| LC13 | 36 | TG | 46, 2 | TG(14:0/16:0/18:1), TG(48:2), TG(46:1), TG(14:0/16:0/16:0)+TG(16:0/18:0/12:0) | case, 2 m (−1.1, 0.016) | CPEP, 2 m (−0.41, 0.045); LIPOB, 1 y (−0.72, 0.017) | ||
| LC14 | 34 | TG | 54, 4 | TG(16:0/18:2/18:1)+TG(16:1/18:1/18:1), TG(18:1/18:2/18:1), TG(18:1/16:1/18:2)+TG(18:2/18:2/16:0), TG(54:5) | ||||
| LC15 | 32 | TG | 55, 6 | TG(56:6), TG(54:5) (2), TG(54:6), TG(56:7) | case, BL-control, BL (0.81, 0.011); case, 2 m-control, BL (0.67, 0.041) | |||
| LC16 | 32 | PC(32:1), PC(30:0), PE(36:1) (1), LPC(14:0) | ||||||
| LC17 | 32 | TG | 52, 4 | TG(50:3), TG(52:5), TG(16:0/16:1/18:3)+TG(16:0/14:0/20:4), TG(54:6) | case, 1 y-case, BL (0.73, 0.042) | |||
| LC18 | 32 | PC(34:0) | weight, 1 y (−0.86, 0.0033); BMI, 1 y (−0.77, 0.013) | |||||
| LC19 | 22 | |||||||
| LC20 | 19 | TG(52:5) | case, BL-control, BL (−0.14, 0.016) | |||||
| LC21 | 12 | PE(36:6e) | ||||||
| LC22 | 9 | SM(d18:0/24:1), TG(48:4) (1), PE(38:0e), TG(46:3) | case, BL (−0.48, 0.0067) | insulin, 2 m (0.56, 0.0066); HOMA-IR, 2 m (0.54, 0.0085); glucose, 2 m (0.5, 0.013); glucose, 1 y (0.77, 0.0049) | ||||
| LC23 | 9 | PC(36:3e), PC(38:4e), PC(38:3e), PC(40:4e) | WHtR, 2 m (0.52, 0.012); TRIG, 2 m (0.48, 0.022); GAF, 1 y (−0.65, 0.026); CPEP, 1 y (0.62, 0.035); TRIG, 1 y (0.65, 0.037) | |||||
| LC24 | 7 | HexCer | HexCer(d18:1/24:0), PE(42:0) | Insulin, 2 m (0.42, 0.047) | ||||
| LC25 | 4 | Case, 2 m-case, BL (0.4, 0.021) | ||||||
| MC1 | 150 | Glucose, urea, d-fructose | ||||||
| MC2 | 26 | Phosphate derivative | Glyceric acid-3-phosphate, valine, leucine, proline | LIPOA, 1 y (−0.91, 0.00078); TCHOH, 1 y (−0.78, 0.011) | ||||
| MC3 | 25 | Amino acid | Pyroglutamic acid, tyrosine, tryptophan,, arabinitol | glucose, 1 y (−0.68, 0.025) | ||||
| MC4 | 23 | Amino acid | Alanine, serine, glycine | |||||
| MC5 | 19 | Lactic acid, octanoic acid, citric acid, aspartic acid | LIPOB, 2 m (−0.5, 0.028); LIPOB, 1 y (−0.81, 0.0072); TCHO, 1 y (−0.67, 0.039) | |||||
| MC6 | 19 | Carboxylic acid | Linoleic acid, stearic acid, octadecadienoic acid, arachidonic acid | |||||
| MC7 | 17 | Creatinine, phenylalanine, ethanolamine, arabinofuranose | ||||||
| MC8 | 17 | Carboxylic acids | Uridine | LIPOB, 2 m (−0.52, 0.02); LIPOB, 1 y (−0.67, 0.039) | ||||
| MC9 | 15 | Sugar derivative | ||||||
| MC10 | 11 | Sugar derivative | d-Glucose, glucopyranose,, 2-deoxy-erythro-pentonic acid | GAF, 2 m (0.69, 0.00068); TRIG, 2 m (−0.49, 0.029); GAF, 1 y (0.66, 0.033) | ||||
| MC11 | 11 | Carboxylic acid | Glycerol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitelaidic acid | case, BL (-0.98, 0.02) | CPEP, 2 m (0.44, 0.046) | |||
| MC12 | 11 | Sugar derivative | Gluconic acid, 2-oxodeoxyhexodiulose, sorbose | |||||
| MC13 | 7 | |||||||
| MC14 | 6 | Sugar derivative | glucose, 2 m (−0.57, 0.0084); TCHOL, 2 m (0.51, 0.024); CPEP, 1 y (0.63, 0.044) | |||||
| MC15 | 6 | Linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, pentadecanoic acid | case, BL-control, BL (−0.71, 0.0013) | LIPOB, 2 m (0.54, 0.015) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CN, carbon number; CPEP; C-peptide; DBC, double-bond count; GAF, global assessment of functioning; LC, lipid cluster; LIPOA, lipoprotein A-I; LIPOB, lipoprotein B; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; LPE, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines; m, months; MC, metabolite cluster; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; R, Spearman correlation coefficient; SM, sphingomyelins; TCHO, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerols; TRIG, triglycerides; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; y, years.
The table lists names of the clusters (‘Index'), number of peaks assigned to the cluster (‘Size'), enriched compound groups in the cluster (‘Enrich.' binomial test with false discovery rate at 0.01), median number of carbon atoms (‘CN') and unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds (‘DBC') in the TG-enriched clusters, strongest identified peaks, major differences between sample groups (case vs control, temporal change in the case group), major effects of the olanzapine and risperidone treatments, and associations to follow-up changes in clinical variables.