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. 2017 Feb 17;8:207. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00207

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Copyright © 2017 Gomes, Le Manac’h, Hénault-Ethier, Labrecque, Lucotte and Juneau.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Interconnected model of the effects of the glyphosate-based-herbicide (Factor^® 540) on shikimate pathway, photosynthesis and oxidative markers of willow plants. Numbers refer to the ones mentioned in the discussion. ABA, abscisic acid; ALA, δ-aminolevulinic acid; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; AsA, ascorbate; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; ETR, electron transport rate; F_V/F_M, maximal PSII photochemical efficiency; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; g_s, stomatal conductance; H₂O₂, peroxide; I_k, minimum saturating irradiance; MDA, lipid peroxidation; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching; SOD, superoxide dismutase; UQF_rel, the relative unquenched fluorescence. Literature-based information in the models are expressed in italic words and in dotted arrows. While, observed data obtained in the present study are introduced in the model as bold words and non-dotted arrows.