Table 1. Demographic data of HCC patients with and without EGV.
| Parameter | All patients (n = 990) | EGV group (n = 480) | Non-EGV group (n = 510) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 67.0; 58.0–79.0 | 65.0; 57.0–76.0 | 70.0; 60.0–81.0 | 0.001 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 756 (76.4%) | 366 (76.3%) | 390 (76.5%) | 0.995 |
| HBsAg positive/negative (%) | 536/452 (54.3%/45.7%) | 252/228 (52.5%/47.5%) | 284/224 (55.9%/44.1%) | 0.312 |
| Anti-HCV positive/negative (%) | 305/684 (30.8%/69.2%) | 161/319 (33.5%/66.5%) | 144/365 (28.3%/71.7%) | 0.086 |
| MELD score | 8.93;7.50–11.58 | 10.21;8.28–13.67 | 7.98;7.08–9.88 | <0.001 |
| Serum biochemistry tests | ||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.50; 3.10–4.00 | 3.30; 2.90–3.70 | 3.70; 3.30–4.10 | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.93; 0.61–1.58 | 1.25; 0.80–2.17 | 0.70; 0.50–1.07 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 47.0; 30.8–76.0 | 49.0; 33.0–83.0 | 45.0; 28.0–71.0 | 0.015 |
| AST (U/L) | 64.0; 38.0–106.0 | 74.0; 45.3–125.8 | 55.5; 35.0–89.0 | <0.001 |
| Alk-P (U/L) | 111.0; 81.0–161.0 | 122.0; 94.0–181.0 | 101.0; 75.0–145.3 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (U/L) | 154.0; 127.0–180.3 | 149.5; 122.8–175.8 | 159.0; 132.3–182.8 | 0.252 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.91; 0.74–1.13 | 0.89; 0.71–1.13 | 0.93; 0.79–1.13 | 0.577 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 100.0; 85.0–129.0 | 105.5; 84.0–137.0 | 97.0; 85.0–122.0 | 0.049 |
| PT INR | 1.10; 1.04–1.21 | 1.17; 1.09–1.28 | 1.06; 1.00–1.13 | <0.001 |
| Platelet (/mm3) | 128000; 88000–191000 | 106000; 71000–138000 | 166000; 111750–226250 | <0.001 |
| Ascites (yes) (%) | 307 (31.0%) | 232 (48.3%) | 75 (14.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (yes/no) | 21/776 (2.6%/97.4%) | 17/375 (4.3%/95.7%) | 4/401 (1.0%/99.0%) | 0.006 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2; 10.4–13.6 | 11.8; 10.0–13.2 | 12.5; 10.8–14.0 | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh grade (A/B/C) (%) | 661/267/62 (66.8%/26.9%/6.3%) | 238/191/51 (49.6%/39.8%/10.6%) | 423/76/11 (82.9%/14.9%/2.2%) | <0.001 |
| Tumor factors | ||||
| Tumor size (cm) | 5.20; 2.60–9.60 | 4.60; 2.50–9.18 | 5.95; 2.90–9.93 | 0.009 |
| Single tumor (%) | 543 (54.8%) | 247 (51.5%) | 296 (58.0%) | 0.044 |
| Vascular invasion (yes) (%) | 276 (27.9%) | 161 (33.5%) | 115 (22.5%) | <0.001 |
| AFP (ng/ml) | 59.60; 10.10–1056.50 | 89.20; 13.50–1490.00 | 40.15; 7.78–741.95 | 0.864 |
| Tumor staging and treatment modality | ||||
| BCLC stage (0/A/B/C/D) | 65/277/274/295/79 (6.6%/28.0%/27.7%/29.8%/8.0%) | 33/126/100/160/61 (6.9%/26.3%/20.8%/ 33.3%/12.7%) | 32/151/174/135/18 (6.3%/29.6%/34.1% /26.5%/3.5%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment modality (Resection surgery/RFA/TACE/others$) | 179/195/287/329 (18.1%/19.7%/29.0%/33.2%) | 31/103/134/212 (6.5%/21.5%/27.8%/44.2%) | 148/92/153/117 (29.0%/18.0%/30.0%/23.0%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment modality (curative/non-curative) | 386/604 (39.0%/61.0%) | 143/337 (29.8%/70.2%) | 243/267 (47.6%/52.4%) | <0.001 |
$Others: best supportive therapy: 196, chemotherapy: 7, sorafenib: 79, radiotherapy: 34, chemo-radiotherapy combination: 1, liver transplantation: 12.
The continuous variables are expressed as median; IQR.
Abbreviations: EGV; esophagogastric varices; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV: hepatitis C virus; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Alk-P: alkaline phosphate; PT INR: prothrombin time international normalized ratio; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC: the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization.