Table 2. Factors associated with poor overall survival in HCC.
| Variable | Case No. | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p | ||
| Age > 65/≤65 years | 544/446 | 0.900(0.759–1.067) | 0.225 | ||
| Sex male/female | 756/234 | 1.407(1.140–1.737) | 0.001 | 1.425(1.146–1.773) | 0.001 |
| HBsAg positive/negative | 536/452 | 1.233(1.039–1.464) | 0.017 | ||
| Anti-HCV positive/negative | 305/684 | 0.814(0.676–0.981) | 0.031 | ||
| Albumin ≤4/>4 g/dL | 778/209 | 2.182(1.717–2.774) | <0.001 | 1.621(1.259–2.088) | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin >1.6/≤1.6 mg/dL | 235/755 | 2.191(1.821–2.636) | <0.001 | 1.702(1.390–2.085) | <0.001 |
| ALT > 40/≤40 U/L | 583/407 | 1.330(1.115–1.585) | 0.002 | ||
| AST > 45/≤45U/L | 657/319 | 2.268(1.852–2.778) | <0.001 | 1.257(1.008–1.567) | 0.043 |
| Platelet ≤105/>105/mm3 | 329/661 | 1.224(1.023–1.464) | 0.027 | 1.247(1.030–1.511) | 0.024 |
| PT INR > 1.1/≤1.1 | 489/501 | 1.424(1.200–1.690) | <0.001 | ||
| Ascites (yes/no) | 307/683 | 3.108(2.613–3.696) | <0.001 | ||
| AFP > 20/≤20 ng/ml | 636/353 | 2.553(2.092–3.116) | <0.001 | 1.863(1.504–2.307) | <0.001 |
| Multiple tumor (yes/no) | 447/543 | 1.823(1.536–2.163) | <0.001 | 1.233(1.023–1.488) | 0.028 |
| Tumor size >3/≤3 cm | 669/321 | 3.292(2.656–4.081) | <0.001 | 2.346(1.838–2.996) | <0.001 |
| Vascular invasion (yes/no) | 275/715 | 4.827(4.018–5.800) | <0.001 | 2.600(2.124–3.183) | <0.001 |
| Treatment modality (non-curative/curative) | 604/386 | 4.029(3.291–4.932) | <0.001 | 1.884(1.485–2.392) | <0.001 |
| EGV (yes/no) | 480/510 | 1.792(1.509–2.129) | <0.001 | 1.324(1.099–1.596) | 0.003 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV: hepatitis C virus; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Alk-P: alkaline phosphate; PT INR: prothrombin time international normalized ratio; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; EGV: esophagogastric varices.