Table 4.
Inter‐rater reliability of universal goniometer and iPhone® app
| Inter‐rater reliability | Universal goniometer | iPhone® app | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion ROM | Extension ROM | Radial deviation ROM | Ulnar deviation ROM | Flexion ROM | Extension ROM | Radial deviation ROM | Ulnar deviation ROM | |
| ICC (95% CI) | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) | 0.81 (0.74–0.87) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | 0.73 (0.67–0.81) | 0.79 (0.67–0.89) | 0.81 (0.75–0.90) | 0.80 (0.72–0.87) | 0.82 (0.75–0.88) |
| SEM | 1.98° | 1.76° | 0.71° | 1.71° | 2.22° | 1.67° | 1.06° | 1.62° |
| 2 SEMs | 3.96° | 3.52° | 1.42° | 3.42° | 4.44° | 3.34° | 2.12° | 3.24° |
| MDC95 | 5.49° | 4.88° | 1.97° | 4.74° | 6.15° | 4.63° | 2.94° | 4.49° |
CI, confidence interval; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; MDC95, minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level; SEM, standard error of measurement; 2 SEMs, two standard errors of measurement; ROM, range of motion.