Table 2.

Features of Clostridium difficile infection

Features	Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Non-CDI AAD
Commonly implicated antibiotics	Clindamycin, cephalosporins, penicillins, fluoroquinolones	Clindamycin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanate
Risk Factors	Antibiotics, PPIs, older age, hospital exposure, immune suppression, GI surgery	Previous AAD
History	Fevers, cramps	No fevers
Diarrhea	Mild to severe, fecal leukocytes positive	Usually mild, osmotic diarrhea
Mechanism	Loss of colonization resistance Altered bile acids	Loss of metabolic function Decreased fermentation of colonic carbohydrates to SCFAs
Treatment	Metronidazole or oral vancomycin; FMT for recalcitrant cases; probiotics	Supportive, probiotics, anti- motility agents