Table 2.
Prevalence (%) of risk factors, by sex and age group
| ALL | Male | Female | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Male | 40–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | 65+ | p-value trend (Male) | Total Female | 40–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | 65+ | p-value trend (Female) | p-value (Overall Men vs women) | ||
| Hypertensiona | 58.4 | 54.5 | 34.6 | 42.2 | 56.9 | 64.8 | <0.001* | 61.8 | 34.6 | 52.9 | 65.3 | 72.0 | <0.001* | <0.001 |
| Total Diabetesb | 11.1 | 10.1 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 0.001* | 11.9 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 15.3 | <0.001* | 0.048 |
| Self-Report Diabetes | 6.7 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 8.6 | <0.001* | 7.1 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 8.3 | 9.3 | <0.001* | 0.227 |
| RBG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L | 5.5 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 0.044* | 6.3 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 8.5 | <0.001* | 0.017 |
| Reports diabetes medication use | 4.9 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 0.013* | 5.3 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 6.8 | <0.001* | 0.194 |
| Total Dyslipidemiac | 43.6 | 44.8 | 45.2 | 50.5 | 47.5 | 40.2 | 0.003* | 42.7 | 41.6 | 39.8 | 49.1 | 40.3 | 0.002* | 0.160 |
| High Total Cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L | 6.6 | 4.12 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 0.291 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 0.002* | <0.001 |
| Low HDL < 1.19 mmol/L | 26.5 | 31.3 | 35.0 | 38.4 | 30.7 | 27.5 | 0.001* | 22.5 | 28.3 | 22.7 | 24.6 | 19.2 | 0.009* | <0.001 |
| High LDL > 4.1 mmol/L | 3.7 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 0.458 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 0.136 | <0.001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia > 2.25 mmol/L | 21.2 | 20.4 | 17.9 | 23.1 | 22.3 | 18.4 | 0.136 | 21.7 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 26.0 | 22.2 | 0.003* | 0.311 |
| BMI [45] | ||||||||||||||
| Underweight: < 18.5 | 6.7 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.2 | --- | 3.7 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 4.6 | --- | <0.001 |
| Normal: 18.5–24.9 | 35.4 | 45.9 | 51.3 | 45.0 | 45.4 | 45.3 | --- | 26.4 | 26.3 | 24.4 | 21.8 | 31.1 | --- | <0.001 |
| Overweight: 25.0–29.9 | 27.9 | 27.8 | 29.1 | 26.1 | 26.7 | 29.2 | --- | 28.1 | 28.6 | 26.7 | 28.8 | 28.5 | --- | 0.790 |
| Obese Grade I: 30.0–34.9 | 17.7 | 11.8 | 6.9 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.1 | --- | 22.7 | 23.7 | 23.0 | 25.7 | 20.0 | --- | <0.001 |
| Obese Grade II: 35.0–39.9 | 7.4 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | --- | 11.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 10.4 | 10.5 | --- | <0.001 |
| Extreme Obesity: ≥ 40 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | --- | 7.8 | 5.9 | 10.6 | 9.3 | 5.3 | --- | <0.001 |
| Waist-Hip Ratio [46] | 67.9 | 61.6 | 40.9 | 55.8 | 66.7 | 66.7 | <0.001* | 73.4 | 62.3 | 71.2 | 75.6 | 76.3 | <0.001* | <0.001 |
| hsCRP Risk Category [25] | ||||||||||||||
| Low (<1 mg/L) | 19.2 | 21.7 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 21.3 | 20.9 | --- | 17.0 | 16.2 | 19.24= | 15.6 | 16.9 | --- | <0.001 |
| Intermediate (1–3 mg/L) | 42.4 | 42.9 | 43.2 | 44.6 | 43.7 | 41.6 | --- | 42.0 | 47.0 | 38.7 | 42.6 | 42.4 | --- | 0.517 |
| High (>3 mg/L) | 38.4 | 35.4 | 33.3 | 32.5 | 35.0 | 37.5 | --- | 41.0 | 36.8 | 42.1 | 41.8 | 40.7 | --- | <0.001 |
aSystolic Blood Pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or Self-reported use of medication.
bSelf-report or Random Blood Glucose (RBG) ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or Self-reported use of medication.
cTotal cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) > 4.1 mmol/L or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) < 1.19 mmol/L or Triglycerides > 2.25 mmol/L or Self-reported use of medication (n = 8).
*Statistically significant at α = 0.05