Table 1. The bending rigidity, K _c, for each of the simulations. Errors were calculated, including convergence testing, as described in the ESI (Fig. S2–S5). All the coarse-grained simulations were run at 323 K, with the exception of the two component POPE/POPG bilayers which were run at 313 K. The protein area density was estimated by calculating the average area of the last 20% of each simulation and inferring the protein area using the appropriate area per lipid value calculated from the control simulations.

Sim no.	Lipid composition	No. lipids	Forcefield	Duration (μs)	Protein	Area density	K c (kT)
1	POPC	1500	AT	0.5	—	—	29.8 ± 5.5
2		1500	CG	0.5	—	—	25.2 ± 2.2
				5	—	—	25.5 ± 0.5
3		54 684	CG	5	—	—	30.9 ± 1.3
4		37 249	CG	5	+144 Aqp0	29%	37.3 ± 3.6
5		55 584	CG	5	+144 Kir2.2	11%	16.1 ± 0.7
6	POPE/POPG 3 : 1	41 472	CG	5	—	—	21.2 ± 1.8
7		28 888	CG	5	+144 BtuB	28%	10.2 ± 1.1
8		26 832	CG	5	+100 OmpF	37%	19.4 ± 2.2
9		25 448	CG	5	+72 BtuB/72 OmpF	40%	16.6 ± 1.2
10	DOPC/SM/CHOL 8 : 1 : 1	53 964	CG	5	—	—	25.0 ± 2.0
11		53 964	CG	5	+108 tN-Ras	<1%	23.8 ± 2.2
12	DOPC/SM/CHOL 2 : 2 : 6	53 964	CG	5	—	—	49.1 ± 6.7
13		53 964	CG	5	+108 tN-Ras	<1%	51.1 ± 2.9