Table 2.

Parameter Estimates for Model 1 by Sex

	Males			Females
Direct effects	β	S.E.	p	β	S.E.	p
Maltreatment→ T1 cortisol	−.25	.06	**	−.01	.07	ns
Maltreatment→ T1 pubertal stage	−.02	.06	ns	.02	.06	ns
T1 Cortisol → T2 pubertal stage	.03	.06	ns	−.13	.06	*
T2 Pubertal stage → T3 depressive symptoms	.06	.08	ns	.12	.09	ns
T2 Pubertal stage → T3 delinquency	.21	.10	*	.17	.08	†
T2 Pubertal stage → T3 substance use	.09	.11	ns	.22	.08	**
T1 Cortisol → T3 delinquency	−.05	.10	ns	.06	.09	ns
T1 Cortisol → T3 depressive symptoms	−.11	.08	ns	−.03	.07	ns
T1 Cortisol → T3 substance use	−.13	.11	ns	.11	.10	ns
Auto-regressive effects
T1 Pubertal stage → T2 pubertal stage	.42	.06	**	.60	.04	**
T3 Substance use → T4 substance use	.31	.15	*	.34	.13	**
T3 Delinquency → T4 delinquency	.24	.11	*	.42	.11	**
T3 Depressive symptoms → T4 depressive symptoms	.38	.07	**	.41	.06	**
Covariates
Race → T1 pubertal stage	−.08	.07	ns	.11	.07	ns
T1BMI → T1 pubertal stage	.09	.07	ns	.10	.05	†
T1age → T1 pubertal stage	.21	.07	**	.56	.05	**
Sample time → T1 cortisol	−.24	.06	**	−.23	.07	**
Race → T1 cortisol	−.09	.06	ns	−.15	.07	*
T1T2 timelapse → T2 pubertal stage	.10	.08	ns	.16	.07	*
Correlations	r		p	r		p
Time 3
Substance use ↔ delinquency	.72	.11	**	.91	.10	**
Substance use ↔ depressive symptoms	.28	.10	**	.16	.08	†
Delinquency ↔ depressive symptoms	.32	.10	**	.31	.08	**
Time 4
Substance use ↔ delinquency	.65	.08	**	.62	.12	**
Substance use ↔ depressive symptoms	.15	.11	ns	.20	.12	†
Delinquency ↔ depressive symptoms	.28	.08	**	.39	.08	**

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^†p < .08.

Note: All parameter estimates are standardized. Covariates were T1age, T1BMI, T1sample time, T1T2 timelapse, race (minority/nonminority). T1 = Time 1, T2 = Time 2, T3 = Time 3.