Table 1.
Demographics and Characteristics of Patients Dichotomized Based on Presence (TMI+) or Absence (TMI–) of Abnormal Enhancement on Post-Contrast FLAIR MRI
| Variable | TMI+ | TMI− | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 17 | 23 | |
| Male | 13 (76.5) | 15 (65.2) | 0.443 |
| Age | 39.8 (22.7–57.8) | 38.0 (28.3–46.3) | 0.694 |
| Caucasian | 15(88.2) | 20 (87.0) | 0.395 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 3 (17.6) | 5 (21.7) | 0.749 |
| Post-traumatic amnesia | 13 (76.5) | 12 (52.2) | 0.117 |
| Post-traumatic amnesia duration | 0.503 | ||
| N/A | 4 (23.5) | 11 (47.8) | |
| 1 sec–10 min | 7 (41.2) | 5 (21.7) | |
| 10 min–30 min | 2 (11.8) | 2 (8.7) | |
| 30 min–1 h | 3 (17.6) | 2 (8.7) | |
| 1–12 h | 1 (5.9) | 2 (8.7) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Loss of consciousness | 14 (82.4) | 13 (56.5) | 0.126 |
| Loss of consciousness duration | 0.153 | ||
| N/A | 2 (11.8) | 9 (39.1) | |
| <1 min | 1 (5.9) | 3 (13.0) | |
| 1–29 min | 9 (52.9) | 6 (26.1) | |
| Unknown | 5 (29.4) | 5 (21.7) | |
| GCS <15 | 0 (0) | 5 (23) | 0.062 |
| NSI Cumulative Score | 15 (13–17) | 12 (7–16) | 0.146 |
| Injury mechanism | 0.767 | ||
| Acceleration/deceleration | 3 (17.6) | 5 (21.7) | |
| Direct impact (blow to head) | 7 (41.2) | 6 (26.1) | |
| Direct impact (head against object) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (21.7) | |
| Fall (ground floor) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (13.0) | |
| Fall (height >1 m) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (17.4) | |
| Hours from injury to blood draw | 20 (16–26) | 11 (5–21) | 0.021 |
| Hours from injury to MRI scan | 21 (14–26) | 12 (5–21) | 0.023 |
Data are median (Q1–Q3) or n (%).
Bold values signify p < 0.05 statistical significance.
TMI, traumatic meningeal injury; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not applicable; GCS, Glasgow comma scale; NSI, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.