FIG. 4.

Activity and anxiety-like behavior in the elevated zero maze. There was a main effect of sex on distance traveled in the elevated zero maze, with female mice ambulating greater distances than male mice (A). Shown in (B) are the results of a Kruskal–Wallis test analyzing the main effects of injury on the distance traveled. The box represents the middle 50% of the data points, with the line in the box indicating the median; lower and upper boundaries of the boxes are the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. The uppermost and lowermost horizontal lines are the range of observed values. Significant differences in distance traveled in the maze were observed in both sexes between sham-control mice and mice that had sustained severe controlled cortical impact (CCI). The effect of sex and injury on the amount of time spent in the dark quadrants are shown in (C) and (D), respectively. Females spent significantly less time in the dark quadrants than male mice (C), and mice with severe CCI spent less time in the dark quadrants than uninjured mice. The asterisks (*) indicate an effect of sex, and the pound sign (#) denotes a significant effect of injury.