Table 3.
Comparison of patients treated more intensively (i.e., with more medications) by treat-to-target (TTT) or by benefit-based tailored treatment (BTT) strategies for reducing type 2 diabetes complications in low- and middle-income countries. Standard deviations in parentheses.
| China | Ghana | India | Mexico | South Africa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People treated with more medications by TTT | |||||
| % of people with type 2 diabetes | 26.8 (0.2) | 32.6 (0.2) | 28.1 (0.3) | 29.2 (0.2) | 28.4 (0.2) |
| Absolute number of people | 24,432,000(182,000) | 111,000 (1,000) | 18,912,000(202,000) | 3,604,000 (25,000) | 688,000 (5,000) |
| Age, years | 56.3 (9.8) | 59.8 (6.7) | 59.7 (6.6) | 59.7 (6.6) | 59.8 (6.6) |
| Female, % | 85.1 (6.3) | 85.3 (3.6) | 85.1 (3.2) | 84.8 (3.3) | 85.7 (5.8) |
| Smokers, % current, both sexes | 16.7(3.0) | 3.6(1.3) | 20.2 (2.8) | 11.4(2.1) | 13.1 (2.3) |
| Mean initial SBP, mmHg | 146.6(11.3) | 153.7(12) | 136.4(13.7) | 146.5(9.5) | 145.7(14.4) |
| Mean final SBP, mmHg | 129.9(8.3) | 129.9(8.3) | 129.9(8.3) | 129.9(8.3) | 129.9(8.3) |
| Mean initial LDL-C cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.1 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.3) |
| Mean final LDL-C cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) |
| Mean initial A1 c, % | 7.8 (0.5) | 8.3 (0.7) | 8 (0.6) | 8.6 (0.4) | 8.3 (0.7) |
| Mean final A1c, % | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.5) |
| Mean initial 10-year CVD risk, % | 12.3(7.0) | 12.5(6.4) | 13.3(4.5) | 12.6(4.2) | 12.7(5.5) |
| Mean final 10-year CVD risk, % | 7.8 (3.7) | 7.7 (3.4) | 8.2 (2.3) | 7.8 (2.5) | 7.9 (2.8) |
| Mean initial lifetime microvascular risk, % | 15.0(7.2) | 16(8.2) | 18.1 (10.4) | 14.0(5.8) | 13(6.9) |
| Mean final lifetime microvascular risk, % | 13.5(6.2) | 14.4(7.4) | 16.3(7.9) | 12.6(5.9) | 11.6(5.8) |
| $/DALY among treated | $20029.0(1079.0) | $38800.8(1461.4) | $30698.0(1815.4) | $21183.4(708.3) | $45026.1 (2744.6) |
| DALYs averted per 1000 patient-years of pharmacotherapy | 2.8 (6.4) | 1.3 (2.4) | 2 (2.3) | 2.9 (4.0) | 1.0(1.9) |
| People treated with more medications by BTT | |||||
| % of people with type 2 diabetes | 55.5 (0.2) | 48.2 (0.2) | 52.9 (0.2) | 52.1 (0.2) | 52.9(0.1) |
| Absolute number of people | 50,597,000(182,000) | 165,000(1,000) | 35,602,000(135,000) | 6,430,000 (25,000) | 1,282,000(2,000) |
| Age, years | 59.6 (6.6) | 54.1 (11.5) | 54.1 (10.4) | 54.7(10.7) | 53.9(10.8) |
| Female, % | 31.6(8.2) | 26.1 (6.7) | 31.0 (7.7) | 26.4 (7.3) | 34.1 (7.8) |
| Smokers, % current, both sexes | 42.7 (6.8) | 13.8(4.2) | 44.9 (7.0) | 26.1 (5.8) | 36.9 (6.5) |
| Mean initial SBP, mmHg | 137.9(8.5) | 144.5(12) | 127.8(8.4) | 137.7(9) | 136.9(7.8) |
| Mean final SBP, mmHg | 115.7(7.1) | 121.7(9.8) | 107.1 (11.5) | 115.7(8) | 115(8.3) |
| Mean initial LDL-C cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.9 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.3) |
| Mean final LDL-C cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.1 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.2) |
| Mean initial A1 c, % | 8.7 (0.9) | 9.3(1) | 8.9(1.2) | 9.5(1.5) | 9.3(1) |
| Mean final A1c, % | 6.8 (0.6) | 7.1 (1) | 6.9(1.1) | 7.4 (0.8) | 7.2 (0.8) |
| Mean initial 10-year CVD risk, % | 24.9(13) | 24.5 (8.5) | 25.8 (7.9) | 25.0 (9.3) | 25.1 (20) |
| Mean final 10-year CVD risk, % | 13.1 (6.5) | 12.9(4) | 13.5(3.4) | 13.1 (4.6) | 13.2(9.7) |
| Mean initial lifetime microvascular risk, % | 17.9(9.5) | 18.8(13.6) | 20.9(12.8) | 16.8(10.3) | 15.7(16.2) |
| Mean final lifetime microvascular risk, % | 13.5(7) | 13.8(9.8) | 15.8(10) | 12.4(10.2) | 11.4(9.3) |
| $/DALY among treated | $7892.8(198.7) | $12343.8(505.3) | $11402.6(220.8) | $8336.6(192.2) | $12039.4(289.6) |
| DALYs averted per 1000 patient-years of pharmacotherapy | 3.3 (8.5) | 1.6 (5.8) | 2.3 (3.9) | 3.4 (6.0) | 1.2(2.5) |