Table 4.
Recent reports of liquid crystalline systems
| LC phase | Lipid system composition | Drugs/bioactive molecule | Route of administration | Improvements to drug delivery | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamellar | Polyoxyethylene 21 stearyl ether/oil/water | Itraconazole | Topical | Enhanced efficacy | 87 |
| Cubic | GMO/P 407/water and PT/P 407/water | CZ | Oral | Increased bioavailability | 94 |
| Cubic | PT/P 407/water | Amphotericin B | Oral | Increased bioavailability | 54 |
| Cubic | GMO/P 407/water | Cyclosporine A | Ocular | Increased corneal retention | 22 |
| Cubic | Isopropyl myristate/polyoxyethylated castor oil/polyethylene glycol 100 | Paeonol | Transdermal | Enhanced skin permeability | 96 |
| Cubic | MO/P 407/water | Tacrolimus | Intradermal | Drug retention | 24 |
| Cubic | MO/P 407/water | Indomethacin | Topical | Prolonged release and anti-inflammatory activity duration increased | 23 |
| Cubic | Myverol 18–99/polysorbate 20/water | Celecoxib | Transdermal | Improved skin permeation | 76 |
| Hexagonal | GMO/P 407/water | Vitamin K | Transdermal | Increased transdermal delivery | 77 |
| Hexagonal | GMO/oleic acid/F68/water | Progesterone | Oromucosal | High EE, high permeability and better storage stability | 69 |
| Hexagonal | MO/P 407/oleic acid/water | Tacrolimus | Intradermal | Drug retention | 24 |
| Hexagonal | OG/phytanyl glycerate/myverol 18–99/water | Irinotecan | Intravenous | Improved retention in lactone form at near neutral pH | 20 |
| Reverse hexagonal | P 407/MO/water | Vitamin K | Topical | Increased delivery | 77 |
Abbreviations: CZ, cinnarizine; EE, entrapment efficiency; F-68, pluronic F-68; GMO, glyceryl monooleate; LC, liquid crystal; MO, monoolein; OG, oleyl glycerate; P 407, poloxamer 407; PT, phytantriol.