Table 3.
Overall correlations among structural brain imaging findings, neuropsychological testing performance, depressive and total symptom scores in retired National Football League athletes a
| Structural Brain Imaging |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| SWI Microbleeds (n = 45) | FA Mean (n = 44) | Cavum Septum Pellucidum (n = 45) | |
| Neuropsychological testing | |||
| Brief visuospatial memory test sum | −0.077 (0.617) | 0.098 (0.528) | −0.043 (0.779) |
| Brief visuospatial memory test—delayed recall | −0.123 (0.419) | 0.011 (0.941) | 0.068 (0.657) |
| California Verbal Learning Test—sum | −0.236 (0.119) | −0.250 (0.101) | −0.172 (0.259) |
| California Verbal Learning Test—short delay free recall | −0.128 (0.403) | −0.178 (0.247) | −0.176 (0.247) |
| California Verbal Learning Test—long delay free recall | −0.113 (0.458) | −0.212 (0.168) | −0.154 (0.312) |
| Trails A | 0.035 (0.822) | 0.043 (0.780) | 0.042 (0.783) |
| Trails B | −0.021 (0.891) | 0.053 (0.732) | −0.077 (0.617) |
| Controlled Oral Word Association Test—FAS | 0.247 (0.102) | 0.146 (0.343) | 0.125 (0.412) |
| Animals | −0.048 (0.755) | 0.039 (0.803) | 0.089 (0.561) |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Digit Span | 0.020 (0.896) | 0.138 (0.371) | 0.196 (0.196) |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Letter Numbering Sequence | −0.046 (0.762) | 0.071 (0.647) | −0.110 (0.471) |
| Wechsler Test of Adult Reading—Intelligence Quotient | 0.027 (0.860) | −0.003 (0.982) | −0.106 (0.487) |
| ImPACT verbal memory | −0.235 (0.120) | −0.135 (0.381) | −0.108 (0.482) |
| ImPACT visual memory | 0.045 (0.768) | 0.033 (0.831) | −0.101 (0.508) |
| ImPACT visual motor processing speed | 0.063 (0.679) | 0.151 (0.329) | 0.011 (0.943) |
| ImPACT reaction time | 0.093 (0.542) | −0.014 (0.930) | −0.082 (0.593) |
| ImPACT impulse control | 0.024 (0.875) | −0.014 (0.926) | −0.109 (0.475) |
| Depression and symptom scales | |||
| Beck Depressive Inventory–II | 0.009 (0.953) | 0.048 (0.757) | 0.103 (0.502) |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | −0.257 (0.089) | −0.218 (0.156) | −0.132 (0.388) |
| Patient Health Questionnaire | 0.175 (0.251) | 0.231 (0.131) | 0.173 (0.256) |
| ImPACT Total Symptom Score | 0.106 (0.490) | 0.028 (0.855) | 0.056 (0.715) |
FA, fractional anisotropy; ImPACT, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing; SWI, susceptibility weighted image; Trails A and B, Trail Making Tests A and B.
a
Data are presented as r/rs (P value).