Table 3. Knowledge about antibiotics (socio-demographic profile).
| Characteristics | Waves 1–5 n | Antibiotics kill viruses (answer YES) | Antibiotics kill bacteria (answer YES) | Antibiotics kill bacteria, antibiotics do not kill viruses (answer YES) | Does imprudent use of antibiotics lead to antimicrobial resistance? (answer YES) | Waves 1–4 n | Antibiotics are effective against cold (answer YES) | Antibiotics are effective against flu (answer YES) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | sig.* | % | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | sig. | % | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | sig. | % | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | sig. | % | Adjusted ORs (95%CI) | sig. | % | Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | sig. | |||
| Total | 5004 | 60 | 80 | 28 | 86 | 4003 | 36 | 49 | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 2243 | 66 | 1 | - | 78 | 1 | - | 23 | 1 | - | 88 | 1 | - | 1812 | 47 | 1 | - | 58 | 1 | - |
| Female | 2761 | 56 | 1.64 (1.44–1.86) | <0.001 | 81 | 0.83 (0.7–0.98) | 0.029 | 32 | 0.59 (0.51–0.68) | <0.001 | 90 | 0.79 (0.66–0.96) | 0.016 | 2191 | 29 | 2.16 (1.88–2.48) | <0.001 | 41 | 2.2 (1.91–2.54) | <0.001 |
| Age groups | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 513 | 69 | 1 | - | 78 | 1 | - | 21 | 1 | - | 87 | 1 | - | 428 | 44 | 1 | - | 78 | 1 | - |
| 25–34 | 887 | 62 | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.858 | 81 | 1.39 (0.96–2.03) | 0.081 | 29 | 1.19 (0.84–1.69) | 0.332 | 90 | 1.13 (0.73–1.77) | 0.580 | 730 | 37 | 0.89 (0.64–1.23) | 0.484 | 60 | 0.5 (0.35–0.72) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 | 812 | 57 | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 0.035 | 83 | 1.69 (1.14–2.5) | 0.009 | 34 | 1.96 (1.37–2.80) | <0.001 | 93 | 1.97 (1.21–3.20) | 0.006 | 654 | 35 | 0.7 (0.5–0.98) | 0.039 | 44 | 0.22 (0.15–0.33) | <0.001 |
| 45–59 | 1508 | 60 | 0.73 (0.53–1) | 0.048 | 80 | 1.62 (1.12–2.34) | 0.010 | 29 | 1.84 (1.30–2.61) | 0.001 | 88 | 1.11 (0.72–1.70) | 0.646 | 1210 | 34 | 0.64 (0.47–0.89) | 0.007 | 43 | 0.2 (0.14–0.29) | <0.001 |
| ≥60 | 1284 | 59 | 0.67 (0.47–0.94) | 0.020 | 77 | 1.45 (0.96–2.18) | 0.075 | 26 | 1.80 (1.23–2.64) | 0.002 | 86 | 0.93 (0.58–1.50) | 0.779 | 981 | 34 | 0.65 (0.46–0.93) | 0.019 | 38 | 0.19 (0.13–0.28) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||||||
| University education | 1442 | 45 | 1 | - | 81 | 1 | - | 46 | 1 | - | 94 | 1 | - | 1141 | 27 | 1 | - | 40 | 1 | - |
| Primary education | 400 | 77 | 6.17 (4.51–8.44) | <0.001 | 76 | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.453 | 9 | 0.11 (0.07–0.17) | <0.001 | 77 | 0.25 (0.18–0.36) | <0.001 | 305 | 49 | 3.05 (2.3–4.05) | <0.001 | 61 | 3.53 (2.62–4.76) | <0.001 |
| Trade school | 960 | 74 | 4.04 (3.3–4.94) | <0.001 | 78 | 0.91 (0.71–1.17) | 0.460 | 13 | 0.18 (0.14–0.23) | <0.001 | 84 | 0.38 (0.28–0.50) | <0.001 | 774 | 48 | 2.45 (1.99–3.01) | <0.001 | 59 | 2.56 (2.08–3.15) | <0.001 |
| Secondary education | 2195 | 62 | 2.14 (1.85–2.48) | <0.001 | 80 | 0.98 (0.8–1.2) | 0.854 | 27 | 0.44 (0.38–0.52) | <0.001 | 90 | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | <0.001 | 1776 | 34 | 1.45 (1.22–1.33) | <0.001 | 48 | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | <0.001 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 2402 | 57 | 1 | - | 81 | 1 | - | 33 | 1 | - | 91 | 1 | - | 1924 | 35 | 1 | - | 50 | 1 | - |
| Unemployed | 473 | 68 | 1.31 (1.03–1.66) | 0.029 | 80 | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.854 | 22 | 0.81 (0.62–1.05) | 0.107 | 85 | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | 0.033 | 383 | 40 | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.221 | 58 | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 0.031 |
| Pupils and students | 368 | 67 | 1 (0.71–1.4) | 0.982 | 80 | 1.15 (0.76–1.74) | 0.496 | 24 | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 0.625 | 89 | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) | 0.770 | 311 | 41 | 1.03 (0.7–1.53) | 0.850 | 75 | 1.03 (0.7–1.53) | 0.872 |
| Retired | 1761 | 61 | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | 0.008 | 78 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.474 | 24 | 0.73 (0.59–0.89) | 0.002 | 87 | 0.98 (0.74–1.28) | 0.858 | 1385 | 35 | 0.9 (0.74–1.1) | 0.269 | 39 | 0.9 (0.74–1.1) | 0.316 |
*sig.–statistically significant (in bold)