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. 2017 Feb 14;5(2):apps.1600094. doi: 10.3732/apps.1600094

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© 2017 Younginger et al. Published by the Botanical Society of America

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted noncommercial use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.

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Fig. 1. — Published information on the methods used to estimate plant fitness in literature review. Results depict the number and percentage of times each metric was used in fitness estimations of 170 studies analyzed. Most studies incorporated multiple measurements of fitness, and each measurement is included in this analysis (percentage totals exceed 100). The first 170 studies that analyzed or estimated some aspect of plant fitness were analyzed across all years, sorted randomly. Height of the bars refers to the number of studies, with percentages (out of 170) included at the top of the bars. The ecology category includes studies that used ecological-related measurements to estimate fitness (e.g., rates of herbivory, pollinator visitation, or pathogen infection).