Table I.
Patient characteristics by type of anesthesia during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
| Variablea | Elective EVAR (n = 6009) |
Anesthesia General (n = 4868) |
Spinal (n = 419) |
Epidural (n = 331) |
Local/MAC (n = 391) |
Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.1 ± 8.5 | 73.8 ± 8.6 | 74.8 ± 7.7 | 74.8 ± 8.5 | 75.3 ± 8.9 | .0008 |
| Nonwhite race | 877 (14.6) | 695 (14.3) | 86 (20.5) | 32 (9.7) | 64 (16.4) | .0002 |
| Female sex | 982 (16.3) | 779 (16.0) | 71 (17.0) | 61 (18.4) | 71 (18.2) | .4716 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.0 ± 5.6 | 28.1 ± 5.6 | 27.6 ± 6.9 | 28.3 ± 5.3 | 27.2 ± 4.9 | .0044 |
| Diabetes | 862 (14.4) | 707 (14.5) | 62 (14.8) | 38 (11.5) | 55 (14.1) | .4879 |
| Current smoker | 1690 (28.1) | 1400 (28.8) | 125 (29.8) | 74 (22.4) | 91 (23.3) | .0090 |
| Ever smoker | 3794 (77.5) | 3031 (77.1) | 289 (80.3) | 239 (82.4) | 235 (75.1) | .0704 |
| Functional status | ||||||
| Independent | 5747 (95.6) | 4668 (95.9) | 394 (94.0) | 318 (96.1) | 367 (93.9) | .0919 |
| Partially/totally dependent | 262 (4.4) | 200 (4.1) | 25 (6.0) | 13 (3.9) | 24 (6.1) | |
| History of | ||||||
| COPD | 1104 (18.4) | 885 (18.2) | 69 (16.5) | 65 (19.6) | 85 (21.7) | .2175 |
| Congestive heart failure | 82 (1.4) | 62 (1.3) | 3 (0.7) | 7 (2.1) | 10 (2.6) | .0680 |
| Myocardial infarction | 70 (1.2) | 65 (1.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 4 (1.0) | .0227c |
| Angina | 132 (2.2) | 100 (2.1) | 9 (2.2) | 7 (2.1) | 16 (4.1) | .0715 |
| Prior CABG | 1461 (24.3) | 1186 (24.4) | 99 (23.6) | 88 (26.6) | 88 (22.5) | .6289 |
| Prior PTCI | 1265 (21.1) | 1047 (21.5) | 83 (19.8) | 49 (14.8) | 86 (22.0) | .0295 |
| Hypertension | 4758 (79.2) | 3868 (79.5) | 334 (79.7) | 246 (74.3) | 310 (79.3) | .1685 |
| Revascularization or amputation | 335 (5.6) | 261 (5.4) | 30 (7.2) | 15 (4.5) | 29 (7.4) | .1314 |
| Dialysis dependencec | 77 (1.3) | 58 (1.2) | 8 (1.9) | 5 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | .5823 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 419 (7.0) | 335 (6.9) | 35 (8.4) | 22 (6.7) | 27 (6.9) | .7172 |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No residual disability | 280 (4.7) | 232 (4.8) | 19 (4.5) | 14 (4.2) | 15 (3.8) | .8320 |
| Residual disability | 299 (5.0) | 244 (5.0) | 22 (5.3) | 14 (4.2) | 19 (4.9) | .9229 |
| Transfer status | ||||||
| Other hospital or facility | 138 (2.3) | 107 (2.2) | 12 (2.9) | 9 (2.7) | 10 (2.6) | .7545 |
| Admitted directly from home | 5871 (97.7) | 4761 (97.8) | 407 (97.1) | 322 (97.3) | 381 (97.4) | |
| ASA class | ||||||
| 1–3 (no disturbance, mild, severe) | 4914 (81.8) | 3965 (81.5) | 365 (87.1) | 277 (83.7) | 307 (78.5) | .0078 |
| 4–5 (life-threatening, moribund) | 1093 (18.2) | 901 (18.5) | 54 (12.9) | 54 (16.3) | 84 (21.5) | |
| eGFR (mL/min)d | 68.6 ± 23.0 | 68.9 ± 23.0 | 68.2 ± 23.3 | 66.6 ± 23.0 | 67.8 ± 23.3 | .2683 |
| Chronic dyspnea | 1489 (24.8) | 1197 (24.6) | 93 (22.2) | 91 (27.5) | 108 (27.6) | .2038 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MAC, monitored anesthesia care; PTCI, percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention.
a
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
b
P values for overall tests of differences among the four anesthesia categories from χ2 or Fisher exact test for categoric variables and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables.
c
Fisher exact test used in place of χ2 (categoric). Dialysis indicated or creatinine level >6.0 mg/dL.
d
Set to 0 for preoperative dialysis.