Table IV.
Multivariable predictors of 5-year survival
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| <63 | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| 63–70 | 1.3 | 1.2–1.5 | <.001 |
| 71–77 | 1.9 | 1.7–2.1 | <.001 |
| ≥78 | 3.5 | 3.2–3.9 | <.001 |
| Male | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | <.001 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Former | 1 | 0.9–1.1 | .303 |
| Current | 1.2 | 1.1–1.3 | <.001 |
| Diabetes | |||
| None | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Diet | 1.3 | 1.1–1.5 | <.001 |
| Oral medication | 1.2 | 1.1–1.3 | <.001 |
| Insulin | 1.4 | 1.3–1.6 | <.001 |
| CAD | |||
| None | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Prior MI | 1.2 | 1.1–1.3 | <.001 |
| Stable angina | 1.1 | 0.9–1.2 | .096 |
| Unstable angina/recent MI | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | .306 |
| CHF | |||
| None | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Asymptomatic | 1.7 | 1.5–1.9 | <.001 |
| Mild/moderate | 1.9 | 1.7–2.1 | <.001 |
| Severe | 2.4 | 1.9–2.9 | <.001 |
| COPD | |||
| None | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Not treated | 1.2 | 1.1–1.4 | .011 |
| On medication | 1.5 | 1.4–1.6 | <.001 |
| On oxygen | 2.2 | 1.9–2.5 | <.001 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||
| >60 | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| 40–59 | 1.2 | 1.2–1.3 | <.001 |
| 30–39 | 1.6 | 1.5–1.8 | <.001 |
| <30 | 2.7 | 2.4–3.0 | <.001 |
| Missing | 2.9 | 2.6–3.3 | <.001 |
| Living status | 2.1 | 1.8–2.4 | <.001 |
| Prior bypass surgery | 1.2 | 1.1–1.3 | <.001 |
| Prior major amputation | 1.3 | 1.2–1.4 | <.001 |
| Procedure | |||
| CAS | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| CEA | 0.7 | 0.6–0.8 | <.001 |
| oAAA | 0.8 | 0.6–0.9 | .017 |
| EVAR | 0.9 | 0.7–1.0 | .06 |
| Suprainguinal bypass | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | .057 |
| Infrainguinal bypass | 1.2 | 1.0–1.4 | .03 |
| PVI | 1.1 | 1.0–1.3 | .128 |
| TEVAR | 1.3 | 0.9–2.0 | .124 |
| Medication | |||
| None | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| Aspirin | 0.8 | 0.7–0.9 | <.001 |
| Statin | 0.8 | 0.7–0.9 | .011 |
| Both | 0.6 | 0.5–0.7 | <.001 |
| VQI | |||
| <3 years | 1.0 (Ref) | ||
| ≥3 years | 1 | 0.9–1.1 | .684 |
CAS, Carotid artery stenting; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EVAR, endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; oAAA, open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; PVI, peripheral vascular intervention; TEVAR, thoracic endovascular aortic repair; VQI, Vascular Quality Initiative.