Table 2.

Continuous and binary assessments of muscle strength and 5-year survival for 156 ARDS patients

Predictor	5-year Survival and Strength Assessment at Hospital Discharge*		5-year Survival and Strength Assessment over Longitudinal Follow-Up**
	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value*	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value**
Multivariable Regression Model 1 (continuous)
Manual muscle strength sumscore (for 1 point increase)	0.96 (0.94 – 0.98)	<0.001	0.95 (0.93 – 0.98)	<0.001
Age at enrollment	1.04 (1.02 – 1.06)	<0.001	1.04 (1.02 – 1.06)	<0.001
Comorbidity prior to ARDS (Charlson index(24) >1)	2.52 (1.35 – 4.73)	0.004	2.97 (1.53 – 5.74)	0.001
Mean daily SOFA score in ICU	1.08 (0.97 – 1.21)	0.154	1.09 (0.98 – 1.21)	0.125
Multivariable Model 2 (binary)
Post-ICU weakness (strength score <48)	1.75 (1.01 – 3.03)	0.044	1.54 (0.82 – 2.89)	0.174
Age at enrollment	1.04 (1.02 – 1.07)	<0.001	1.04 (1.02 – 1.06)	<0.001
Comorbidity prior to ARDS (Charlson index(24) >1)	2.36 (1.25 – 4.46)	0.008	2.88 (1.48 – 5.59)	0.002
Mean daily SOFA score in ICU	1.10 (0.99 – 1.23)	0.079	1.10 (0.99 – 1.22)	0.086

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

^*Muscle strength was assessed prior to hospital and evaluated in a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for age, comorbidity, and daily SOFA score

^**Muscle strength was assessed prior to hospital discharge and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48-month follow-up points and evaluated as a time-varying exposure in a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for age, comorbidity, and daily SOFA score