Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants with and without NP
| Characteristics | All (n=284) | With NP (n=186) | Without NP (n=98) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, yr [sd] | 72.9 [7.9] | 73 [7.9] | 72 [7.8] | .12 |
|
| ||||
| BMI, [sd] | 29.8 [6.5] | 30.3 [6.6] | 29.9 [6.4] | .17 |
|
| ||||
| Smoking, % (n)- | ||||
| none | 57 (161) | 58 (108) | 54 (53) | .26 |
| Past | 38 (107) | 34 (64) | 43 (43) | |
| Current | 4 (12) | 5 (10) | 2 (2) | |
|
| ||||
| Alcohol, % (n) | 4 (12) | 6 (11) | 6 (6) | .91 |
|
| ||||
| Edema, % (n) | 32 (90) | 33 (61) | 29 (29) | .46 |
|
| ||||
| Albumin, [sd] | 4.2 [0.3] | 4.2 [0.3] | 4.2 [0.3] | .43 |
|
| ||||
| Creatinine, [sd] | 0.9 [0.2] | 0.9 [0.2] | 0.9 [0.2] | .85 |
|
| ||||
| Medication use, % (n) | ||||
|
| ||||
| ACE/ARB | 31 (87) | 29 (54) | 34 (33) | .39 |
|
| ||||
| Diuretic | 28 (78) | 27 (50) | 29 (28) | .72 |
|
| ||||
| CCB | 14 (39) | 16 (30) | 9 (9) | .11 |
|
| ||||
| Anti-cholinergic | 13 (38) | 11 (21) | 17(17) | .14 |
|
| ||||
| Anti-depressant | 17 (48) | 18 (33) | 15 (15) | .61 |
|
| ||||
| NSAIDS | 24 (67) | 25 (46) | 21 (21) | .49 |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidities, % (n) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cardiovascular | 36 (104) | 39 (72) | 32 (32) | .11 |
|
| ||||
| Neurological | 13 (37) | 14 (26) | 11 (11) | .14 |
|
| ||||
| Respiratory | 26 (74) | 29 (54) | 20 (20) | .12 |
|
| ||||
| Musculoskeletal | 54 (154) | 62 (116) | 38 (38) | .07 |
|
| ||||
| Diabetes | 16 (45) | 17 (32) | 13 (13) | .42 |
|
| ||||
| Psychiatric | 20 (56) | 23 (43) | 13 (13) | .20 |
|
| ||||
| Cancer | 11 (34) | 6 (11) | 23 (23) | .10 |
Note: BMI= body mass index, CCB= calcium channel blockers, NSAIDS= non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SD= standard deviation. Comorbidities included the following: cardiovascular disease (hypertension, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, or heart attack), neurologic (peripheral neuropathy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke), respiratory (COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis), musculoskeletal conditions (arthritis, osteoporosis, or joint replacement), diabetes, psychiatric (depression, anxiety) or cancer.