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Th-2 and non-pathogenic Th17 cells exert antagonistic effects towards pathogenic Th17 cells. Th2 cell-derived IL-4 or IL-13 can inhibit Th17 cell functions. Conversely, IL-17A can inhibit Th2 cell responses. Th17 cells have pathogenic or non-pathogenic subsets. Non-pathogenic Th17 cell-derived IL-10 can act on Th2 or Th17 cells and inhibit their pro-inflammatory activities. GM-CSF, Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; Th, helper T cell.
