Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Population Comparing Exposed (PHS) and Unexposed (no PHS) Groups.

Characteristic	No PHS (n = 56,656)	PHS (n = 1332)	P
Age, y	55.2 (SD = 15.5)	59.8 (SD = 17.1)	<0.001
Sex (% female)	14,459 (25.5%)	426 (32.0%)	<0.001
Race			<0.001
White	37,015 (65.3%)	915 (68.7%)
Hispanic	2753 (4.9%)	87 (6.5%)
African-American	9413 (16.6%)	222 (16.7%)
Asian	2480 (4.4%)	45 (3.4%)
Other	4995 (8.8%)	63 (4.7%)
Income			<0.001
1st Quartile	12,128 (21.4%)	346 (26.0%)
2nd Quartile	13,305 (23.5%)	324 (24.3%)
3rd Quartile	15,095 (26.6%)	335 (25.2%)
4th Quartile	14,836 (26.2%)	297 (22.3%)
Unknown	1292 (2.3%)	30 (2.3%)
Primary payer			<0.001
Medicare	15,446 (27.3%)	613 (46.0%)
Medicaid	3943 (7.0%)	142 (10.7%)
Private	31,243 (55.2%)	500 (37.5%)
Self-Pay	1373 (2.4%)	11 (0.8%)
Other	4651 (8.2%)	66 (5.0%)
Comorbidity
CCI	0.3 (SD = 0.7)	0.7 (SD = 1.2)	<0.001
Time to elective surgery (mean days, SD)		48.7 (SD = 24.5)
Length of stay (median days, IQR)		2 (1–4)

CCI indicates Charlson comorbidity index; IQR, interquartile range; PHS, post-hospital syndrome.