Table 1.

Common risk factors for pre-eclampsia

Pregnancy-specific issues

Nulliparity

Partner-related factors [new paternity, limited sperm exposure (e.g. barrier contraception)]

Multifetal gestation

Hydatidiform mole

Maternal pre-existing conditions

Older age

African-American race

Higher body mass index

Pregestational diabetes

Chronic hypertension

Renal disease

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

Connective tissue disorder (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus)

Family history or pre-eclampsia

Lack of smoking