Table 5.

Health risk assessment of children exposure to trace metals from soil and road dust from e-waste town compared to reference area

	Children					Adults
Trace metals	Pb	Cd	Cr	Mn	m HI	Pb	Cd	Cr	Mn	m HI
soil exposed area
HQingest	7.31 E-01	3.82 E-03	1.54 E-02	1.56 E-01		8.71 E-02	4.55 E-04	1.83 E-03	1.86 E-02
HQdermal	1.36 E-02	1.07 E-03	2.15 E-02	1.09 E-02		3.83 E-03	3.00E-04	6.05 E-03	3.11 E-03
HQinhalation	5.34 E-05	2.81 E-07	1.36 E-03	3.73 E-02		1.27 E-05	6.69 E-08	2.83 E-04	8.88 E-03
HI	7.45 E-01	4.89 E-03	3.83 E-02	2.04 E-01	9.92 E-01	9.09 E-02	7.55E-04	8.16E-03	3.06 E-02	1.30 E-01
Soil reference area
HQingest	3.14 E-01	8.39 E-04	1.26 E-02	1.58 E-01		3.74 E-02	1.00 E-04	1.50 E-03	1.88 E-02
HQdermal	5.87 E-03	2.35 E-04	1.77 E-02	1.12 E-02		1.65 E-03	6.60 E-05	4.95 E-03	3.14 E-03
HQinhalation	2.30 E-05	6.17 E-08	9.69 E-04	3.78 E-02		5.48 E-06	1.47 E-08	2.31 E-04	9.02 E-03
HI	3.20 E-01	1.07 E-03	3.13 E-02	2.07 E-01	5.59E-01	3.91 E-02	1.66 E-04	6.68 E-03	3.10 E-02	7.69E-02
Dust exposed area
HQingest	1.34 E+00	1.35 E-02	2.21 E-02	1.36 E-01		1.60 E-01	1.61E-03	2.64 E-03	1.62 E-02
HQdermal	2.51 E-02	3.79 E-03	3.10 E-02	9.62 E-03		7.05 E-03	1.07 E-03	8.70 E-03	2.71E-03
HQinhalation	9.80 E-05	9.96 E-07	1.71 E-03	3.26 E-02		2.34 E-05	2.37 E-07	4.06 E-04	7.76 E-03
HI	1.37 E+00	1.73 E-02	5.48 E-02	1.78 E-01	1.62 E+00	1.67 E-01	2.68 E-03	1.17 E-02	2.66 E-02	2.08 E-01
Dust reference area
HQingest	3.26 E-01	4.32 E-03	2.59 E-02	1.26 E-01		3.89 E-02	5.14 E-04	3.09 E-03	1.50 E-02
HQdermal	6.10 E-03	1.21 E-03	3.63 E-02	8.97 E-03		1.71 E-03	3.39 E-04	1.02 E-02	2.51 E-03
HQinhalation	2.39 E-05	3.17 E-7	2.00 E-03	3.02 E-02		5.71 E-06	7.56 E-08	4.76 E-04	7.20 E-03
HI	3.32 E-01	5.53 E-03	6.42 E-02	1.65 E-01	5.67 E-01	4.06 E-02	8.53 E-04	1.38 E-02	2.47 E-02	8.00 E-02

^*HQ: hazard quotient HI: Hazard Index; mHI: mixed contamination hazard index

-Assessment was based on geometric mean